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Vertebrate Development
Kempf
35
Biology
Undergraduate 4
12/07/2010

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Term
Steps of Egg Activation
Definition
1. Release of Ca 2+
2. Cortical Rupture
3. Influx of Na+ into Cytoplasm
4. Reorganization of Cytoplasm
5. Completion of Meiosis by Egg
6. Efflux of H+ Ions (increase pH)
7. Increase in Metabolism
Term
Cortical Reaction
Definition
Hardening of Perivitelline Space/ Zona Pellucida (slow block to polyspermy)
Term
Influx of Na+
Definition
Change in Egg Membrane Potential (fast block to polyspermy)
Term
Ambystoma Platinieum
Definition
All female (male pronucleus from Jeffersonian degernerates)

**Parthenogenesis
Term
Grey Crescent of Frog becomes
Definition
chordamesoderm and notochord
Term
Totipotent stem cells can form
Definition
whole organism
Term
Starfish Cleavage is
Definition
Equal Holoblastic
Term
Frog Cleavage is
Definition
Unequal holoblastic (due to yolk)
Term
Frog egg yolk is
Definition
telolechithal
Term
Starfish egg yolk..
Definition
isolechithal, oligolechithal, microlechithal
Term
Avian Cleavage is
Definition
Discoidal/ Meroblastic
Term
Bird, Reptile and Bony Fish eggs are
Definition
Polylechital or Megalechital.
Term
Compaction is mediated by
Definition
Cadherins and Actin
- E-cadherin (Uvomorulin)
Term
Cells of the ICM are
Definition
totipotent and can form the whole embryo.
Term
Primitive streak is equivalent to
Definition
Blastopore.
Term
Primitive streak forms by
Definition
convergent extension.
Term
1st wave of henson's node ingression forms...
Definition
foregut endoderm.
Term
2nd wave of henson's node ingression forms
Definition
head (prechordal) mesoderm)
Term
3rd wave of Henson's node ingression forms
Definition
chordamesoderm.
Term
1st wave of Primitive Groove ingression forms
Definition
the rest of the embryonic endoderm
Term
2nd wave of primitive groove ingression forms the
Definition
em. and exem. mesoderm
Term
Wilhelm Roux
Definition
- g. grandfather of embryology
-killed one cell in amphibians (but still connected)... only have of embryo
Term
Driesch
Definition
separated sea urchin cells and both formed complete larvae.
Term
Spemann
Definition
separated frog cells... complete larvae

** Cells of 1st 2 blastomeres are totipotent
Term
Induction is
Definition
the ability of one tissue to influence the fate of nearby cells, presumbaly by a chemical signal.
Term
Spemann's 2nd experiment
Definition
Gray Crescent necessary for dev. in salamanders.
Term
Spemann and Mangold
Definition
Transplanted cells of dorsal lip to ventral lip... turned non-neural ectoderm to neural ectoderm. (Siamese twins)
Term
Morphogen
Definition
a substance secreted by one group of cells that influences the fate of another groups (induction)
Term
Niu and Twitty
Definition
hanging drop experiments.
CONTACT NOT NECESSARY
Term
Masked Morphogen is stored in
Definition
membrane-bound vesicles (ethanol destroys vesicles)
Term
Dorsal Lip of Blastopore is also called
Definition
Spemann Organizer
Term
Bone Morphogenic Protein- 4 (Bmf-4)
Definition
induces ectoderm to become epidermis (default pathway is neural)
Term
Chordin and Noggin
Definition
secreted by Dorsal Spemann Organizer
- Prevent BMP from binding and causing ectoderm to become epidermis>>> cells become neural
Term
The proamnion is free of
Definition
mesoderm
Term
Seroaminiotic fold form ____ and are made of _____
Definition
amnion and chorion, ex. em. somatopleure
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