-venetians stole a lot of things include main saint (st. mark)

-both statues taken from Constantinople antiquity

-mixing of different eras and overlapping of different styles

-main council room had the little balcony where important leader could walk out and see boats, troops

-Piazzetta side

-Image of the doge kneeling in front of the lion, great symbol of venice and st mark

-Gothic, islamic elements assembled together

-Venetian love of color

-antonio rizzo: important sculptor of late 15th c.

-many fires

-neptune: god of the sea

-mars: god of war

-placed at the top

-the new doges would be crowned here

-sansovino commissioned by the council to make these very large (that way when doge crowned at top, he would look very small-council trying to keep supreme ruler under their thumb)

-elaborate marble-typical of the byzantines

-carved motifs of new renaissance style (interested in antiquity)

-start to see at end of 15th c. the gradual ideas percolating up from tuscany and rome

-in the acedemia (main art museum in venice)

-miniaturist quality with gold, delicate gothic looking quality

-very large

-justice sitting on two lions

-flanked by st michael and st gabriel

Pastiglia-build up of the primer material that you put on a wooden panel, then guilded, then work the guilding so that you get a patterning or relief

(armor and details at top done in pastiglia, makes it stand out from the rest, catches the light)

-no hint of tuscan renaissance, still very gothic figures, curve, lovely scroll, decorative quality

-personification of venice

-another layer of meaning: mary

-mary as queen of heaven is the ultimate arbiter of justice

-Compared to ambrogio lorenzetti (figure in all. of good govt)

-Compared to the pal. pubblico in siena

-wearing different color

-all of these ideas into one figure, not one dominates

-twice a year, on the day of St. mark and Corpus Christi, guilds would have large displays of their identities in this space.

-Also a famous annual 15 day event called Feast of the Sensa was held here and local and imported merchandise would be sold. It was the only time foreign artists were allowed to sell in Venice without incurring fines.

-Cathedral: has to have a bishop

-For many years San marco was not a cathedral

-san marco was more important than any other church in venice

-interior: almost entirely covered in mosaics

-greek cross: centralized church

-Head of venetian church was the patriarch

-Church was not really an eastern church in its right, more western church

-Partially in west and partially in east

-Romanesque barrel vault

-Pointed arch which looks gothic and islamic

Center: figure of st. mark

-masegne family: important family of sculptors for venice

-lamberti: sculpted with donatello at same time of florence duomo

-sculpture has gothic S-curve to it

-very dynamic, animated look to it (waves of the sea on top of arches)

-winged lion of st. mark in center

-many different materials used

-columns probably taken from other buildings

-cleaved stonework

-liturgical directions (apse in the east)

-screen to separate congregation from church leaders

-fairly pronounced gothic sway

-high altar behind rood screen

-where relics of st. mark are

-pala=cloth or painting behind altar

-this pala is gold, meant to honor st. mark

-tells us a lot about venice and its unique position

-a lot of the work in here is byzantine

-much made by artisans in venice

-iconic frontally posed figures: byz.

-little narrative scenes along the top (similar to duccio maesta)

-4 figures are evangelists, 12 are apostles

-Byz. Enlongated figure, tiny head

-specialness of pala d’oro

-Similar to duccio Maesta-central figure surrounded by saints with adjacent narrative

-11A on map-cappella dei mascoli-kind of like confraternity, dedicated to Virgin mary, would come in and prayer to her

-Chapel created in renaissance era

Designed by andrea del castagno

Central figures: heavy weighty

Even those mosaics created by venetian artists but now influence is coming through florence

Draperies look florentine, bright florentine colors

Classical architecture, interest in classicism

Giant, barn-like franciscan church, minimal decoration

Very gothic

Pink verona stone

Lot of color makes it venetian

-Franciscans over time more dedicated to Virgin Mary, and the doctrine of the immaculate conception (mary born without original sin)

-florentine franciscan chapel in this church

-chapterhouse

-important meeting place for franciscans but also private

Over doorway that separates sacristy from chapterhouse

Shininess=makes it particularly venetian

Pala d’oro=tapestry hanging behind alter, also meant as that mary is wearing a cover

Elaborate cloth being held up behind virgin to bless her

-marys importance here as the intercessor for us very obvious

-doge also has focus

-In sacristy

-For all the accoutrements of mass

-Also called a pala because it is a backdrop to an altar in this room

-Meant to look like mosaic (setting of venice being recalled)

-Original frame

-little fish people nymphs instead of cherubs

-sacra conversazione—shares story even though the’yre separated, technique used more when artists were grappling with perspective

-Covering the back of an altar

-image looks holographic

-golden very convincing light

-precision, attention to light and details-venetians picked up from Flemish

Artists signature in very venetian dais 

-brilliant example of how paintings were supposed to look in their surroundings (light, architecture, etc)

-venetians known for their rich colors

-don’t know if titian aware of what’s going on in central italy at this time

-Composition of the painting is very much in tune with the surrounding, broken up in levels like 2 stories of windows

Functioned as state burial place

foundations of the domenicans predates the church

Domenicans get upperhand over franciscans by being burial place of doges

-Byzantine influence

-Never finished

-Lower part begun, very elaborate, lots of stonework, byz. Reliefs, columns taken from torcello

-no big titian, way to tell difference from frari

-don’t trust gothic arcade

-Families responsible for the construction of these tombs

-Focus on individual artist

-Classical architecture

-Figures standing in something that looks like contraposto

-Venice starting to embrace this interest in classicism

One of the rare works of a confraternity still it its original location

-family quality very important in painters workshops

-Lot of crossing over between civic and religious

-Mary set in a garden b/c she is the new/replacement of Eve

-Often in an enclosed garden-refers to her virginity

-Like many venetian paintings there is a sculptural element to it, fanciful gothic architecture, venetian love of intimate detail

-Holographic quality

-Idea that mary is standing in for the image of justice

Miracle of the cross cycle

Large spectacle scene, part of whole blossoming of narrative scenes

-use these to give us details about life, things that were ephemeral but important to civic life

Scuole=great public orginizations

Miracle happening top left on balcony

Pagentry of whole scene is the objective of the whole scene

Rialto bridge was built a century after this in stone

Details of life in venice, different aspects of society

Scuole grandi-geared towards upper class, not women

In meeting room

For scuola not venetian in foundation, creates a partially exotic location b/c scuola is foreign

-turban: all purpose foreigner

-number of details

Few really detailed images we have of venetian interiors

Stone façade

Sculpture by the lomardo family

Architect has traditional, obsessive use of rounded arches

4 series of relief sculptures (2 of lion flanking entrance to scuola, 2 with stories of st mark flanking entrance to albergo)-creates illusionist space but at same time a supportive structure, creating fictive space

-Lion entrance: Artists negating that sense of the wall holding it up

Interest in the play of surface and color, profoundly non- classical

Coffering in fictive barrel vault archway

Reuse of old columns in something that looks like cosmati work

Clear references to antiquity but the way lion is standing there in the space very unusual and un-classical

Typical Venetian façade—lots of stone work and carvings

Lots of tall thin windows, rounded classical arch smaller scale and larger triumphal arch

Famous for bellini inside

Typical 15th c venetian

Mosaic apse

venezianita

Originally on wood, transferred to canvas

-style of painting has softened-reflecting what is going on at the time (titian, giorgione)

Classicizing with plasters and columns, still venetian setting with apse mosaic

-originally on wood, transfered to canvas

-inside san Zacarria

-comparison with bellini we looked at earlier with holographic quality

-in this one the saints are in the same space, not separated by frame

-originally on wood, transfered to canvas

-inside san Zacarria

-classical elements with the Corinthian columns, but still very Venetian setting almost looking out onto San Marco
-sacra conversazione-move away from typical polyptych and moving figures together into this sacred space

Venezianita can be talked about for venetian buildings

Rich colors, venetians famous for saturated colors-important to venetian look

• every surface being covered in beautiful stonework to pay homage to the important relics

Functions as reliquary box

Image of madonna is the miracle working piece

Next to fondaco would have been scuola of tedeschi

Where german merchants would have done trade

Given ornamental types of battlements

Gives idea of fortified warehouse

• stone, gilding, and polychromy
• pink verona marble also utilized, incorporates family coat of arms
• windows like the Doge's Palace, almost equivalent to Medici Palace in Florence in terms of quoting other important buildings within the city

• serious persecution of the Jews on the mainland, so Venice decided to allow them in for financial reasons
• (Jews would be money lenders)
• Jews from all over Europe flocked to Venice, were confined to this small area seen above
• series of canals around ghetto so Jews could not go out at night
• ghetto, today, is very lively and popular
• 5 synagogues located in the Renaissance ghetto
• Jews used the term, "scuola," to describe their synagogues to blend in with the Venetian landscape