Term
| Within the cell, DNA is found in the nucleus. Which other stuctures within the cell listed below normally contains DNA as well? |
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Definition
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Term
| steroid synthesis occurs in which of the following stuctures? |
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Definition
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Term
| during catabolic activity, the potential for oxidative insult can be considerable. which of the following structures within the cell functions primarily to reduce this potencial insult? |
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Definition
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Term
| which stucture is responsible for the production of protein? |
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Definition
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Term
In characterizing epithelia as one of the 4 major tissues, which of the following characterisitics is lease appropriate?
a. vascularized
b. highly cellular
c. presence of basement membrane
d. polar orientation
e. innervated |
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Definition
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Term
| which epithelial tissue has the ability to change shape and can possess binucleated apical cells? |
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Definition
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Term
which of the following characteristics applies to the sebaceous gland?
a. compund acinar
b. holocrine
c. simple coiled tubular
d. apocrine
e. endocrine |
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Definition
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Term
| what kind of secretion do sebaceous glands produce? |
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Definition
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Term
which of the following characteristics is NOT appropriate when used to describe a goblet cell as a gland?
a. shape of adenomere
b. type of secretion
c. cellularity
d. method of secretion
e. direction of secretion (to blood stream/free space) |
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Definition
a. shape of adenomere
(it is unicellular) |
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Term
| T/F: all simple columnar epithelia possess microvilli |
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Definition
| False, female tract contains cilia |
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Term
of the following cellular modifications associated with epithelia, which provides a morphological barrier between adjacent cells?
a. glycocalyx
b. macula adherans
c. zonula adherens
d. nexus
e. zonula occludens |
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Definition
e. zonula occludens
(i.e. tight junction) |
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Term
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Definition
| an apical modification found in respiratory tracts, oviduct and uterus. It moves mucous and other substances by metachromal rythym. |
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Term
| define merocrine secretion |
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Definition
| products released by exocytosis, where the cell product is delivered through the cell membrane in membrane-bound vesicles which are fused with the cell membrane and in this manner keeps the cell membrane intact. There is no loss cellular material other than the secretory material. Occurs in pancreas and prostate (e.g.) |
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Term
| define endocrine secretion |
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Definition
| the secretion of glands which lack a duct system and have lost their connections to external or internal surfaces. Essentially involved in hormone synthesis. Endocrine glands usually found near blood vessels. |
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Term
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Definition
| specialization of epithelial cell surface, occuring at the base (away from luminal end). It functions to anchor all epithelia to adjacent tissue as well as provide addt'l protection and as a semipermeable barrier. Usually consists of 2 layers; basal lamina and reticular lamina. |
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Term
within the extracellular matirx of connective tissue, this structure consists of small fibers that normally remain unbundled and forms a useful environment for cells of defense
a. collagen type I
b. collagen type II
c. collagen type III
d. collagen type IV
e. elastic fiber |
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Definition
c. collagen type III
(reticular, loose) |
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Term
The structure (fiber) and environmetn decribed in the previous question mostly occurs in
a. loose connective tissue
b. dense irregular connective tissue
c. dense regular connective tissue
d. cartilage
e. bone |
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Definition
| a. losse connective tissue |
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Term
| another name for the fiber described and associated in the previous 2 questions is ______ |
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Definition
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Term
Among the defending cells of connective tissue, the one that forms antibodies and provides humeral immunity is the:
a. T lymphocyte
b. plasma cell
c. mast cell
d. histiocyte
e. none of the above |
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Definition
b. plasma cell
(B-lymphocyte -> plasma cell -> IgE) |
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Term
| antobodies known as IgE become attached to this cell's surface as specific receptors which, in turn, promotes allergic response |
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Definition
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Term
| another name for juvenille fat is ______ |
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Definition
| brown fat (bc of mitochondria) |
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Term
| T/F: the yellow coloration sometimes associated with adult fat is due to the presence of numerous lipid droplets |
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Definition
| false (carotine is responsible) |
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Term
cement lines are regularly formed in:
a. cencellous bone
b. osteonal bone
c. trabecular bone
d. immature bone
e. none of the above |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F: the length of a long bone is primarily due to the interstitial growth of the cartilaginous plate |
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Definition
true
(appositional periosteum = width) |
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Term
of the extracellular matrixes in the followinf tissues, which would most likely have collagen type II?
a. bone
b. fibrocartilage
c. dense irregular connecive tissue
d. dense regular connective tissue
e. hyaline cartilage |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F: osteoclasts are associated with all types of bone, i.e. mature, immature, spongy, and compact bone |
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Definition
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Term
within the process known as endochondral ossification, which of the following statements is NOT correct?
a. intramembranous ossification of the perichondrium in the region that will become the "shaft" occurs 1st
b. hypertrophy of the chondrocytes follows their provisional calcifications after the bone collar has been established
c. provisional calcification leads to chondrocytic death and subsequent osteogenic invasion
d. upon entering the lacunae the osteoblasts derived fromthe osteogenic tissue begin forming prebone material on top of existing cartilagenous ECM
e. chondrocytes at each end of the developing shaft start forming isogenic rows, which begins the development of the 2 growth plates. |
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Definition
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Term
which of the following cells within connective tissue are able to form basal laminae (basement membrane)?
a. adipocytes
b. melanocytes
c. osteoblasts
d. perichondrial fibroblasts
e. chondroblasts |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| derived from megakaryocytes, platelets are found as anucleated in mammalian blood (nucleated in non, where it would instead be called a thrombocyte). It is involved in hematostasis and accellerates clotting by forming part of the "plug" |
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Term
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Definition
| called "prebone", is laid down by osteoblasts. it consists of collagen, proteoglycans, and glycoproteins. |
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Term
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Definition
| the non-mammalian equivalent to a neutrophil. involved in immune response, especially to bacteria. |
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Term
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Definition
| a sheeth along the external margins of the territorial matrix of hyalin cartilage. it encapsulates the tissue and forms an interface between the surrounding connective tissue and the body of the cartilage. it is composed of fibroblasts (perichondrial fibroblasts) and bundles of collagen type I. |
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Term
| among the different types of cells found in peripheral blood, the type that most effectively combats parasitic invasion is the ______ |
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Definition
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Term
| among the different types of cells found in peripheral blood, the type that most effectively combats bacterial invasion is the ______ |
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Definition
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Term
| As muscle is one of the more specialized tissues of the body, a number of terms are used to refer to specific structures of the muscle fiber. The term sarcolemma refers to its: |
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Definition
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Term
| in all forms of muscle, contraction is facilitated by the release of calcium,which in striated muscle is sequestered and stored in the: |
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Definition
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Term
| the specific cytoskeletal component that calcium binds to in striated muscle and subsequently leads to contraction is: |
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Definition
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Term
| an area within a sarcomere that contains the alpha actinin is the: |
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Definition
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Term
| Nissl bodies are structures the histologically facilitate the identification of neurons. Specifically, what do Nissl bodies consist of? |
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Definition
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Term
| which of the following neuoglia lines the cavities of the CNS and forms cerebrospinal fluid? |
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Definition
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Term
which of the following neuroglia contributes to the blood-brain barrier within the white matter of the CNS?
a. ependyma
b. protoplasmic astrocyte
c. oligodendrocyte
d. fibrous astrocyte
e. microglia |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F: Oligodendrocytes and Shwann cells (neurolemmocytes) largely perform the same funtion except that one is in the PNS and the other is in the CNS. |
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Definition
True.
Oligodendrocytes- CNS
Schwann cells- PNS
function-myelination |
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