Term
|
Definition
| A traveling disturbance in material that transports energy. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The wave in which the molecules of the medium vibrate in the same direction as the wave propagates. Also know as a longitudinal/compression wave. They can travel through all types of matter. Sound is a compression wave. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
A wave in which the molecules of the medium vibrate at right enables to the direction the wave propagates-also known as a transverse wave. They only propagate through solids.
Surface Wave: A wave that travels along the surface of the medium. A guitar string. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What waves go through. What passes things along. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The maximum amount that a particles will displace from its normal, undisturbed position when a wave passes through it. How far a wave has moved by measuring the middle to the bottom (or bottom to the middle). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The rate at which a specific wave disturbance travels from point to point. How fast a wave goes. Speed is always the same in a medium. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The distance between successive similar parts in a repeating wave. When the frequency is up the wavelength is down. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The number of wave amplitude crests that pass a particular point in space every second. When the frequency is up the wavelength is down. Light = color / Sound = pitch |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| wave speed = frequency x wavelength. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The act of bouncing off a surface. Wave and Particles reflect. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The act of changing direction when passing from one medium to another. A straw in water. Waves and particles refract. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The changing of direction of waves to bend around corners and spread as they encounter obstacles. Waves only. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The canceling and enhancing effect that occurs when two waves move through the same space at the same time. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The canceling and enhancing effect that occurs when two waves move through the same space at the same time. |
|
|
Term
| Constructive Interference |
|
Definition
| When two or more waves passing through the same space at the same time both disturb the medium in the same way so that the resultant amplitude is larger than the amplitude of each individual wave separately. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| When two or more waves passing through the same space at the same time both disturb the medium in opposite ways so that the resultant amplitude is smaller than the amplitude of each individual wave separately or cancels it out entirely. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A wave characterized by lack of vibration at certain points between which areas of maximum vibration occur. A wave that does not move. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A wave characterized by lack of vibration at certain points between which areas of maximum vibration occur. A wave that does not move. |
|
|
Term
| The medium light passes through |
|
Definition
| Light doesn't pass through a medium. It travels through radiation. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A location of no vibration in a standing wave. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A location of no vibration in a standing wave. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A location of maximum vibration in a standing wave. |
|
|
Term
| Doppler Effect/Doppler shift |
|
Definition
| A change in the observed frequency of a wave occurring when the source and observer are in motion relative to each other. When the laves are traveling towards you, the wavelength is shorter and higher. When the waves are traveling away from you the wavelengths are longer, farther apart, and lower in pitch. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 3 x 10/8th meters per second |
|
|
Term
| Thomas Young is famous for this: |
|
Definition
| The double slit experiment. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Radio Waves - Microwaves-Infrared Waves - Visible Spectrum (red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet) - ultraviolet radiation -x-rays - gamma rays |
|
|
Term
| Galileo determined light was... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Galileo determined light was... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Romer used what to determine speed of light? |
|
Definition
| Jupiter's moons and how they eclipsed. |
|
|
Term
| Fizeau used what to determine the speed of light? |
|
Definition
| Moving gears and bouncing light. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The state of possessing both wave and particle properties. Light diffracts and interferes, which is how it works like a wave. |
|
|
Term
| The four states of matter |
|
Definition
| Solid, Liquid, Gas, Plasma |
|
|
Term
| The four states of matter |
|
Definition
| Solid, Liquid, Gas, Plasma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A physical state of matter that is characterized by rigidity and resistance to changes in size and shape. Constricted molecules don't move beyond where they are. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A physical state of matter that readily changes shape to match its container but that resists changes in volume. Anything that flows. A slight attraction, molecules can move freely through the liquid. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A physical state of matter that readily changes both shape and volume to match its container. Molecules are able to move freely, they are unbounded. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A physical state of matter characterized by fluid properties in which positive and negative charges move independently. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A force that is applied in such a way as to compress a material. Supports solids, liquids, and gasses. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A force that is applied in such a way as to stretch a material. Supports solids and liquids. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A force that is applied in such a way as to twist or deform a material. Supports solids only. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A spectrum in which the colors blend gradually together without noticeable abrupt changes or missing colors. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A spectrum showing an almost continuous spectrum, with the exception of a few missing lines of color. |
|
|
Term
| Discrete Spectrum/Emission line spectrum |
|
Definition
| A spectrum of separate and distinct colors in which not all color are present and is mostly black. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Materials that conduct electricity in the solid and liquid state. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Materials that do not conduct electricity in the solid state, but do when molten or dissolved in water. (such as salt) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A material which does not conduct electricity in any of its physical states. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| How much stuff fills the space. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1) Matter consists of tiny particles called molecules. 2) Each different kind of matter consists of a different kind of molecule. 3) The molecules in matter are in constant motion. 4) Molecules move and interact in accord with laws of motion, the laws of force and the laws of observation. 5) They are indivisible (false rule). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The constant, irregular motion of very fine particles (such as fine dust or smoke) suspended in a fluid and observed with a microscope. Brownian motion is taken as evidence for molecules, which collide with the observed particles and cause a jittery motion. |
|
|
Term
| Gas pressure results from... |
|
Definition
| ...molecules hitting the side of the container. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ...average kinetic energy. Fast molecules = hot, slow molecules = cold. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Heat conduction occurs from a warm room through a closed window on a cold day because fast molecules transfer energy to slower ones with which they collide, on the average. Heat molecules bump into nearby molecules and get them vibrating. |
|
|
Term
| Molecular Model doesn't explain... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Electric potential energy changes, but kinetic energy stays the same. This explains why there is no measurable kinetic energy increase when two states exists together as states change. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A model of the atom in which the electrons orbit the small, dense, positively-charged nucleus in elliptical paths. It didn't explain acceleration around the electron. |
|
|
Term
| Modified Solar System Model: |
|
Definition
| The Bohr model with restricted circular orbits of electrons around a dense nucleus. Does not explain shy it is emitting no light or energy in its orbit and why it doesn't collapse into the center. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Created by JJ Thompson. A positive pudding with negative bits scattered in. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The rare, backward reflection of alpha particles convinced Rutherford that the atom consisted of a dense, positively charged nucleus. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Discovered that matter has a wave/particle duality. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A probability curve that moves in time. At a given moment in time, the places where the wave is high are where the abject associated with the wave is most likely to be found. It is the wave associated with matter. |
|
|
Term
| Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle |
|
Definition
| The product of the uncertainty in an object’s position and the uncertainty in its momentum must be greater than or equal to Planck’s Constant. Narrowing down an object’s position makes its momentum less certain. Narrowing down an object’s momentum or speed, makes its position less certain. |
|
|
Term
| Wavelength matter on what scale? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Electrons produce what type of pattern? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| When wave properties are used to explain matter. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| I wave (a ball shape). The electron can be next to the nucleus. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 2 waves (peanut shape). The electron can't be near the nucleus. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 3 waves (peanut with a donut around the middle a four leaf clover). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A standing wave giving the probability of finding an electron in various locations around the nucleus of an atom. The electron doesn't move. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The study of the brightness and wavelengths of the different frequencies of light emitted by excited atoms and ions. Emission spectrum = the electron's jump down. Absorption Spectrum = the outside electron's jump up. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A characteristic of an electron giving the direction of its intrinsic magnetic field. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The rule that two electrons can not be in exactly the same state in an atom. In other words no two electrons in the same atom can have exactly the same shell, orbital, and spin values. |
|
|
Term
| Number of electron's in each orbital |
|
Definition
| two one electron with an up spin, one electron with a down spin. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The discipline in which the interactions of atoms with each other are studied. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Matter that contains only one kind of atom. |
|
|
Term
| Law of Constant Composition |
|
Definition
| Substances contain a fixed definite proportion of elements by mass. The same ratio of elements. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The model that matter is made up of atoms. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Properties associated with the chemical reactivity of a material. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The properties of the elements are a periodic function of their atomic masses. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The number of protons in a nucleus. This number defines an element. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Elements that are electrical and thermal conductors and can be hammered into thin sheets or drawn into thin wires. Found on the left of the periodic table. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| elements that do not conduct electricity. Found on the right of the periodic table. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| elements in the middle of the periodic table that contain some metal and non-metal properties. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The amount of energy needed to completely remove an electron from an atom. The energy needed to remove the first electron from a neutral atom varies periodically with atomic number. Elements on the left side of the periodic table require less energy than the elements on the right hand side, which require a lot of energy. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Electrons want to be in what level? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An estimate of the volume occupied by an atom. The number is obtained from the density of the solid state of the element. Left side of the periodic table is the largest of the row. It gets progressively smaller until it jumps up on the next row. New row increases volume. |
|
|
Term
| Columns on the Periodic Table represent... |
|
Definition
| ...families or groups of elements. They share chemical properties. |
|
|
Term
| Rows on the periodic tables are... |
|
Definition
| periods. It is in order of increasing atomic weight. It has slowly changing properties. |
|
|
Term
| Electron Configuration Diagram: |
|
Definition
| An enumeration of how electrons populate atomic orbitals that is consistent with the ‘lowest energy filled first” and “exclusion” principles. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| One or more electrons in the outermost populated electron shell of an atom. Valence electrons determine an element’s chemical reactivity. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the father of the periodic table of elements. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Standing waves = 1
Orbital Level = 1
Electrons = 2 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Standing waves = 3
Orbital Level = 2 (shell)
Electrons = 6 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Standing waves = 5
Orbital Level = 3(shell)
Electrons = 10 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Standing waves = 7
Orbital Level = 4 (shell)
Electrons = 14 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| s / 1 standing wave/ 2 electron |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| s, p/ 4 standing wave/ 8 electrons |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| s, p, d/ 9 standing waves/ 18 electrons |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| s, p, d, f/ 16 standing waves/ 32 electrons |
|
|
