Term
| What bacteria are commonly associated with UTIs? |
|
Definition
E. coli
Proteus spp.
Staph spp
Strep spp
Klebsiella spp
Enterobacter spp
Pseudomonas aeruginosa |
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Term
| What are cattle-specific bacteria associated with UTIs? |
|
Definition
Corynebacterium renale
C. pilosum
C. cystitidis |
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Term
| What are swine-specific bacteria associated with UTIs? |
|
Definition
Corynebacterium suis
Arcanobacterium (Actinomyces) pyogenes |
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Term
| What are some defenses against UTIs? |
|
Definition
1. Washout by normal micturition
2. Anatomic structures (including urethral microplicae/microvilli that entrap bacteria, urethral and ureteral peristalsis, ureterovesicular flap valves)
3. Mucosal defenses (IgA, systemic antibodies, surface mucoprotein layer inhibitis bacterial adherence, colonization by non-pathogenic flora, exfoliation of cells)
4. Antimicrobial properties of urine (low or high pH, high osmolality, urea) |
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Term
| Clinical signs of lower UTI: |
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Definition
1. Dysuria, stranguria (means lower UT lesion, not necessaarily infection)
2. Pollakyuria
3. Hematuria, pyuria
4. Inappropriate urination |
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Term
| Clinical signs of upper UTI (pyelonephritis): |
|
Definition
ACUTE:
1. fever
2. lumbar pain
3. vomiting
4. hematuria, pyuria
5. uremia (if severe enough to cause renal failure)
6. decreased milk production in dairy cattle
CHRONIC:
1. hematuria
2. "poor doer"
3. Colic, diarrhea, PU/PD
4. Can be asymptomatic |
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Term
| How do leptospira bacteria penetrate the host? |
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Definition
| Can penetrate intact mucous membranes or abraded skin. |
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Term
| What happens in incidental (non-reservoir) hosts in a lepto infection? |
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Definition
| Renal tubular epithelial cells are colonized by leptospires, resulting in azotemia and uremia. Hemolysis is caused by immune-mediated mechanism, resulting in fever, depression, icterus, anemia. Vasculitis may be triggered by Leptospira lipopolysaccharide (endotoxin). |
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Term
| What are the most common manifestations of lepto infection in adult sheep and goats? |
|
Definition
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Term
| What are the most common manifestations of lepto infection in swine? |
|
Definition
| Abortion 204 wks before term, stillborn piglets. L. bratislava is more common serovar. |
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Term
| What is the most common manifestation of lepto infection in horses? |
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Definition
| Uveitis. Can also cause abortion. |
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Term
| What are the most common manifestations of lepto infection in dogs? |
|
Definition
| Acute renal failure. Icterus from hepatic involvement can occur (and may be sole manifestation). Lethargy, depression, anorexia, vomiting, fever, stiffness are common. |
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Term
| What are the most common manifestations of lepto infection in cats? |
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Definition
| Trick question: cats appear to be resistant to lepto. |
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