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Definition
Inhibits RNA polymerase enzyme. Bactericidial.
Resistance is due to altered target. RNA Poly mutates to ensure that rifampicin doesn't bind |
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Definition
| Cyclic polypeptides that disrupt the phospholipid structure of the cytoplasmic membrane. They are toxic and bactericidial. |
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Definition
| Block DNA gyrase enzyme that is necessary for bacterial replication. Resistance is acquired by altered the target (changing the gyrase), altering the uptake (decrease the expression of a porin on the outer membrane-->reduces uptake), and altered uptake (pump quinolones out of the cell). No plasmids to date! |
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Definition
| Inhibit dihydropteroate synthetase in folic acid synthesis. No folate= no bacterial growth. Bacteriostatic. Resistance is aquired y altering the target. The new enzyme dihydropteroate synthetase is often encoded on a plasmid. |
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Definition
| Act very similar to Sulfa drugs but inhibit a later step in folic acid synthesis. Bacteriostatic. Resistance is acquired by altering the target to a new enzyme that doesn't bind the antibiotic. This enzyme is plasmid encoded. |
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Definition
| AKA Linezolid. Binds to the 50s subunit and prevents it from making a mRNA/30s complex. Reserved to use against MRSA and Enterococcus. |
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Definition
| Binds to the ribosome and inhibits translation elongation. Bacteriostatic. Resistance is from inactivating the -OH group on the drug,and altering the uptake (some Gram -s do this) |
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Term
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Definition
| Aka Clindomycin. Blocks translocation of the protein by binding to the 50s exit tunnel. Acts similar to Macrolides. Resistance is provided by methylated the 23s rRNA binding. This is plasmid encoded. |
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Term
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Definition
| AKA Erythromycin, Azithromycin. Blocks Translocation of protein. Bacteriostatic. Altering the target via methylation of 23srRNA leads to resistance. This is plasmid encoded. Broad spectrum antibiotic. |
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Term
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Definition
| Examples: Tetracycline, Doxycycline, Minocycline. Broad spectrum active against Gram + and Gram -. Prevent binding of aminoacyl tRNA to the mRNA ribsome complex. Resistance is acquired by decreasing permeability and making a protein that binds to tetracycline |
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