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| a widespread exchange of animals, plants, culture, human populations (including slaves), communicable disease, and ideas between the Old World and New World due to Exploration. |
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| The belief that a healthy economy is one where you produce and export more goods than you import in from other countries |
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| What was the importance of the Scientific revolution? |
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It was the birth period of many of today's sciences and it dispelled many of the myths of the middles ages through advances in thinking. Example: Scientific Method
Time Period: 1500 - 1700s |
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| Scientist who helped us realize that the Sun was what all other tiems in space revolved around instead of the old belief that the Earth was the center |
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| Helped develop the telescope to the point where the planets could be studied more accurately; also helped with development of Physics |
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| his work with gravity and his developing the Laws of Motion revolutionized the way we thought about how things physically act on Earth |
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| What were some important inventions that came out of the Scientific Revolution? |
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Scientific Method
Kepler - laws of planetary motion Copernicus - theory of solar system Newton - laws of motion and gravity Galileo - first telescope |
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| What was the Age of Enlightenment? |
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| A period of time in the late 1600s and early 1700s where philosophers discussed how all men have rights and that government was to follow the wishes of the people. This was in stark contrast to the form of rule in use at that time by monarchies. These theories helped lead the way to the revolutions that were soon to follow. |
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| When John Locke and others discussed the Social Contract Theory, what were they referring to in their discussions? |
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| The Social Contract Theory states that man is willing to follow the rule of government as long as the government in |
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| 1789-1799; similar to American Revolution in that king was overthrown to allow for a new form of government promoting rights of man |
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| French general who rose to power following French Revolution; helped develop middle class in France; promoted education and other programs to help the people; used his popularity to gain support for his desire to take over other European countries |
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| pride in one's country to the point that you feel that you have the right to do what you wish to other countries |
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| forcing weaker countries to work with you in order for the stronger country to gain wealth or power from the situation |
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| developing a strong military even though you are not at war in order to make others fear you |
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| mid-1800s - was allowed by the Kaiser(leader of what became Germany)to deal with other countries to help strengthen Germany. By the end of his work, he had added land and gained power by hook or crook to build Germany into the country we see today |
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| Series of wars between China and England over China's resistance to trading with other nations |
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| growing tension between European countries due to their offending each other due to nationalistic tendencies, competition for weaker countries, and everyone keeping a war ready army |
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| his assasination during a parade led his home country of Austria-Hungary to declare war |
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| European countries formed groups that backed each other in military disputes |
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| Britain, France, and Russia united to fight Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy |
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| Austria-Hungary, Germany, and Italy united together to fight Britain, France, and Russia |
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| Why did the United States finally have to take part in World War I? |
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Definition
| German's sinking of the Lusitania and Germany sending the Zimmerman note to Mexico trying to get their help in the war |
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| World War I-American involvement |
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Definition
| joined Britain and France in 1917 due to Americans dying on ships sunk by submarines and Germany's attempt to get Mexico to attack the US by the Zimmerman note |
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| World War I: methods of fighting |
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| trench warfare-the armies fought in one area with little progress while dug into trenches; poisonous gases- soldiers were injured when they had to breathe poisonous gases fired by the enemy; submarines; early airplanes & tanks |
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| new technology and methods of fighting in WWI changed warfare as we knew it |
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| a series of battles for control of Russia starting in 1917 causing them to pull out of World War I early. Ended when Czar Nicholas was executed and leadership was finally taken over by Lenin who led the Communist Party |
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| theory of government founded by Karl Marx; the government owns and runs everything; everyone works for the good of the country; supposed to eliminate gap between rich and poor |
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| How did the further punishment of Germany at the end of WW I pave the way for someone like Hitler to come to power? |
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| Germany spiraled into a horrible depression due to the punishment that was placed upon them by the treaty that ended the war. This led to starvation and a feeling of loss that allowed the German people to be open to being ruled by someone like Hitler |
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| attempt by US President Woodrow Wilson to get everyone to form a group of leaders who would solve international issues to prevent future wars; ineffective since US government wouldn't join it |
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| when a country is ruled by a dictator and the needs or rights of an individual are not as important as the needs of the country |
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| leader of Germany that came to power in the late 1920s; economic crisis in Germany allowed people to accept his extreme ideas; blamed Jewish population for many of Germany's troubles |
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| fascist dictator of Italy who promised to make Italy the world leader it had been in the past; worked with Hitler |
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| Hitler kept breaking the rules set in the treaty signed after WWI, but England and France were to weak to stop him; his invasion of Poland was the breaking point causing the war |
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| What did Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor force the United States to do? |
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Definition
| The United States could no longer stay out of the war after being attacked by Japan. |
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| Why did Japan attack Pearl Harbor? |
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Definition
| To try and force the United States out of the Pacific so that Japan could take control of that region |
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| US invasion of Europe which would bring an end to the war in Europe within a years time |
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Term
| What was the Cold War, and why did they use the term "Cold" in its name? |
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| The time period from the end of World War II until the late 1980s where there was great tension between the United Staes and the Soviet Union in regards to the Soviet Union's desire to spread Communism. The term "Cold" is used since troops did not officially go to battle, yet there was massive military build-ups by both countries used as a threat to one another. |
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| post WWII plan to rebuild our enemies that we defeated in order to ensure that we would be friends in the future |
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| What is the United Nations? |
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| Put into effect after World War II so that countries with differences could solve the issues peacefully to avoid military actions. |
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| The competition between the United States and the Soviet Union for dominance in space exploration. |
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| What was the purpose of the Truman Doctrine? |
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| President Truman told the rest of the world that it was okay if they were communist, but that the United States would become involved if a country tried influencing other countries to also become communist |
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| 1950-53; stop the spread of communism by Soviet Union and China into Korea; war ended with country being split into Communist North and Democratic South |
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| led revotution against corrupt dictator that was US friend; joined with Soviet Union as Communist nation |
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| US supported attempt to overthrow Fidel Castro and retake Cuba; this failed due to lack of US support |
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| Earky 1960s; Russia placed nuclear weapons in Cuba durectly threatening the US mainland; led to standoff between US and Russia that almost led to Nuclear War; both sides finally backed down |
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| led by John D Rockefeller in Oil and Carnegie in steel - these individuals tried to control market and control competition - laws had to be put in place to stop this type of thing from taking place |
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| Late 1800s court case that made it legal for people to be seperated by race on public transportation; this decision made "seperate but equal" the law in all areas (education, etc...) until Brown v Board said it was illegal in the 1950s |
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| Who were the Progressives, and what did they think of big business? |
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| Progressives were anti-big business, anti-government corruption, pro-labor |
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| Who was Samuel Gompers, and what did he found? |
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| Labor leader who founded the AFL - American Federation of Labor |
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| Sitting Bull - Wounded Knee |
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Definition
| last major battle of Indian Wars led by Sitting Bull in an attempt to keep from being forced away from home lands by US |
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| place where immigrants from Europe were processed as they came to America |
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| What was the cause of the Spanish American War? What did the United States gain from their victory? |
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Spanish accused of bombing the USS Maine.
With victory, the United States was allowed to take over the Phillipines in the Pacific. |
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| inventor of light bulb, motion pictures, recorded sound, and use of electricity for the masses |
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| wrote The Jungle which gave a disturbing account of the meat industry and how unsanitary food production was. This led to federal regulations in food handling. |
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| told rest of world to stay out of South America ( as had been previously stated in Monroe Doctrine) but added that he US could go down there if we felt it was necessary |
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| What was the purpose of building the Panama Canal? Why was the country of Panama chosen? |
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Definition
Cut the time of getting from the eastern or western side of the Americas in half.
Panama was chosen because it is the thinnest part of Central America seperating the Atlantic Ocean from the Pacific Ocean |
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| Why did the United States finally have to take part in World War I? |
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Definition
| German's sinking of the Lusitania and Germany sending the Zimmerman note to Mexico trying to get their help in the war |
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Term
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Definition
| new technology and methods of fighting in WWI changed warfare as we knew it |
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Term
| What was the League of Nations? |
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Definition
| Planned for post WW I so that nations that were arguing could solve their differences at the table instead of militarily; w/o support of the US, it became a weak and powerless group |
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Definition
| a $10,000 fine and 20 years' imprisonment for interfering with the recruiting of troops or the disclosure of information dealing with national defense; this act was also aimed at stopping the growing influence of labor unions due to fear of Communism |
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| What is suffrage? Who were the suffragettes? What was the 19th Amendment? |
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Definition
Suffrage - right to vote
Suffragettes - women who fought for right to vote
19th Amendment gave women the right to vote in the United States |
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| What amendment gave women the right to vote? When was this amendment passed? |
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| What was the Harlem Renaissance? |
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Definition
| Time period in US between 1920s - 30s where African American arts, literature - Langston Hughes, and music - Duke Ellington, began to explode in popularity and majorly influence other artists, writers, and musicians |
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| What was the Great Depression? What was the cause of this event? |
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| Huge amount of borrowing without making sure that borrower was able to pay loan back leaving banks cash poor; similar issue with stock market; 1929 until WWII |
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| How did Hoover mishandle the Great Depression? |
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Definition
| While Hoover did not cause the Great Depression, his "laissez-faire" handling of the situation led to his being voted out of office. Hoover felt that government should keep its hands out of business. |
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| President Franklin Roosevelt & The New Deal |
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| Roosevelt beat Hoover in the election by stating that the Government would get involved in helping people during the Great Depression. Through his program, The New Deal, he immediately began doing things to regain the peoples trust in banks, develop job programs, etc... |
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Definition
Dust Bowl refers to the drought stricken Mid-West where farms turned into desert
Hooverville is the term used to describe vacant lots where people lived in shacks constructed from found items since they could no longer afford to live in regular housing |
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| One of FDR's New Deal programs that created jobs by building dams to provide electricity to the mountains of the southeast (Tenn., Ala, GA, etc...) |
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| Civilian Conservation Corps |
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Definition
New Deal program designed for men between the ages of 18 to 25. It was considered a peace time army which replanted forests, built roads, etc..;
A large portion of the money the members made had to be sent back home. |
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| 1935 Congressional Act which protected workers' rights to form unions and to bargain collectively |
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Definition
| Before we were officially part of World war II, we helped our allies by sending them weapons, etc... this also helped jump start our economy through factory jobs to end the Great Depression |
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Term
| What did Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor force the United States to do? |
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Definition
| The United States could no longer stay out of the war after being attacked by Japan. |
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Term
| On what date did the Japanese attack Pearl Harbor? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why did Japan attack Pearl Harbor? |
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Definition
| To try and force the United States out of the Pacific so that Japan could take control of that region |
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Term
WWII
Los Alamos/ Manhattan Project |
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Definition
| secret projects that developed atomic bomb technology used to bring an end to the war in Japan |
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| How did World War II help start the Civil Rights movement of the 1950s and 1960s? |
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Definition
| The equal treatment of African Americans in the military was then expected by the soldiers in day to day life as civilians leading to protest during Civil Rights Era. |
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WWII
rationing / war bonds |
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Definition
US citizens were only allowed to use so much gas, meat, sugar, etc to help ensure enough supplies for our troops
war bonds - US citizens bought bonds as investments to give the government extra cash to put towards the war effort |
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| Why were Japanese-American citizens moved to internment camps during World War II? |
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Definition
| Because of the fear of Japanese citizens acting as spies for Japan |
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Definition
| US invasion of Europe which would bring an end to the war in Europe within a years time |
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Term
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Definition
| post WWII plan to rebuild our enemies that we defeated in order to ensure that we would be friends in the future |
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Term
| What is the United Nations? |
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Definition
| Put into effect after World War II so that countries with differences could solve the issues peacefully to avoid military actions. |
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Term
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Definition
| The competition between the United States and the Soviet Union for dominance in space exploration. |
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Term
| What was the purpose of the Truman Doctrine? |
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Definition
| President Truman told the rest of the world that it was okay if they were communist, but that the United States would become involved if a country tried influencing other countries to also become communist |
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Term
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Definition
| 1950-53; stop the spread of communism by Soviet Union and China into Korea; war ended with country being split into Communist North and Democratic South |
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Term
| Brown vs. Board of Education |
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Definition
| Supreme Court rules that segregated education is illegal; therefore, all other forms of segregation are illegal; no more seperate but equal |
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| Joseph McCarthy led a movement to uncover Communists in the US but his attempts to do this led to hearings where people's lives were ruined with no real evidence that they were guilty; people testified against their friends out of fear |
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Definition
| led revotution against corrupt dictator that was US friend; joined with Soviet Union as Communist nation |
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Definition
| Popular Democratic president elected in 1960; led country through Cuban Missile Crisis; assassinated by Lee HArvey Oswald in 1963 |
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Definition
| US supported attempt to overthrow Fidel Castro and retake Cuba; this failed due to lack of US support |
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Term
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Definition
| Earky 1960s; Russia placed nuclear weapons in Cuba durectly threatening the US mainland; led to standoff between US and Russia that almost led to Nuclear War; both sides finally backed down |
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Term
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Definition
| President Johnson's program during his administration to help those in poverty and to overcome racism through programs to help those in need catch up with the rest of society through education, jobs, etc... |
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Definition
| stated that you must be made aware of your rights when being arrested |
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| 1967-74; stop the spread of communism in Vietnam by Chinese; US finally pulls out in 74 and country becomes Communist |
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Definition
| Watergate was the name of the Washington hotel where the offices of the Democratic Party were bhroken into by thieves. These "thieves" were found to have been hired by President Nixon's people with or without his consent. As more information about the break-in came out, Nixon finally resigned from office to avoid being impeached. |
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Definition
Usually refers to fight for power in congress between North and South leading up to Civil War;
Exception would be The Great Compromise which was using population dervied House and 2 per state senate to make up congress in Constitution |
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| Always follows war and victor sets the rules |
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| always refers to stopping bad behavior like drnking ; movement led to prohibition |
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Definition
| refers to fear of spread of communism; two periods- 1920s & 30s - unions and 1950s - cpold war |
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Definition
| 1967-74; stop the spread of communism in Vietnam by Chinese; US finally pulls out in 74 and country becomes Communist |
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