Term
| slightly displaced by the liver, the right kidney is sutated slighely, _ than the lefet |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| the entire blood supply circulates through the kidnesy every _ |
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Definition
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Term
| the kidney is divded into an outer layer called the _ and an inner layer called the _ |
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Definition
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Term
| the functional unit of the kidney |
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Definition
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Term
| each kidney has _ nephrons |
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Definition
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Term
| a mass of blood vessels tucked into the cuplike bowman capsule |
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Definition
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Term
| a muscular tube liend with mucous membranes that carries urin from the bladder out of the body |
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Definition
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Term
| the urethra is about _ long in men and _ in women |
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Definition
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Term
| three processes that occur in urine production |
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Definition
| glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption, tubular secretion |
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Term
| an ultrafriltration process in the glomerular capsule |
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Definition
|
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Term
| plasma proteins are too large to pass through the glomerulus and therfor remain |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| the product of glomerular filtration is called the |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| flomerular filtrate contains |
|
Definition
| water, electrolytes, glucose, urea, creatinnin, uric acid and amino acids |
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|
Term
| reabsorption occurs through |
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Definition
| diffusion, active transport and osmosis |
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|
Term
| the reabsorption of water reflects the ability of the kidney to _ urine as necesssary |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| the amount of water reabsorbed is influenced by |
|
Definition
| antidiuretic hromone and aldosterone |
|
|
Term
| _ are secreted into the tubules form the blood |
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Definition
| potassium and hydrogen ions |
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|
Term
| the end product of glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption and tubular extretion is |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| urin is composed mostly of |
|
Definition
| water, sodium, potassium, chloride, urea, creatinine and uric acid |
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|
Term
| the presence of proteins in urin indicates |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| voluntary control of voiding is exhibited in the |
|
Definition
| initiation, restraint, and interruption fo urin flow |
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Term
| a hormone secreted by the parathyroid glands to maintain serum calcium levels |
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Definition
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|
Term
| relesed in response to inadequate rnal, blood flow or low arterial pressure |
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Definition
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Term
| stimulates tubular reabsorption of sodium and water and plasma volume is expanded |
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Definition
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|
Term
| age changes in the kidneys |
|
Definition
decline in renal blood flow and glomerular filtration
decreased ability to concentrate and dilute urin as needed
slowed clearing of wastes
higher threshold for glucose to appear in the urine when hyperglycemic
nocturia
increased risk of infection r/t incomplete bladder emptying |
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|
Term
| painful urination is called |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| loss of urin with laughing or sneezing is typical of |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| the inability to hold urin whe nfeeling the need to void |
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Definition
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|
Term
| the presence of crystals on the skin |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| swishing sunds caused by turbulent blood flow |
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Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a dull sound on percussion may be heard over a |
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Definition
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|
Term
| a urin specimen is examined for |
|
Definition
| color, pH, specific gravity, glucose, protein, blood, ketones, and bilirubin |
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|
Term
| normal urin is straw colored and slightly |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| specific gravity is a measure of |
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Definition
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|
Term
| permits indentification of microorgansims present in the urine |
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Definition
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|
Term
| determines which anitbiotics will be most effective against the specific organims |
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Definition
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|
Term
| the rate at which the kidney remvoves creatinine from the blood |
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Definition
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|
Term
| the best test of overall kidney function |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a general indicator of the kidneys' ability to excrete urea, an end product of protein metabolism |
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Definition
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|
Term
| factors that increase BUN in addition to renal failure |
|
Definition
| neprotoxic drugs, high protein diet, gastrointestinal bleeding, dehydration, myocardial infacrtionk shock, burns and sepsis |
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|
Term
| a waste product of skeletal muscle break down |
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Definition
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|
Term
| the level of creatinien in the blood is an indication fo the the kidneys ability to excrete |
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Definition
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|
Term
| a radiograph that provides a general outline of the kidneys revealing their apporximate size and contour |
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Definition
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|
Term
| a KUB is not done on _ and hsould be done _ any other studies that require contrast media |
|
Definition
| pregnant patients, before |
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|
Term
| a diagnostic procedure in which a radiographic contrast medium is injected IV |
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Definition
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|
Term
| radiographs of the kub are taken at |
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Definition
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|
Term
| as the contrast for invravenous pyelogram is concetrated by the kidneys and extred through the ureture into the bladder _ can be assessed |
|
Definition
| kidney function and structures, ureter size and patency,b ladder size and hspae, prescence of caluli or other obstructions |
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|
Term
| IVP is contraindicated in older adult pt with known _ and in pts with _ |
|
Definition
| renal insufficiency, diabetes mellitus or multiple myeloma |
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|
Term
| permits study of the renaly blood vessels |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| renal arteriogram is used to diagnose |
|
Definition
| renal artery stenosis, aneurysms, vascular tumors, renal cysts, and renal infarctions |
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|
Term
| this procdure is useful in detecting reflux of urine from the bladder into the ureters |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| size, shape and location of kidneys |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| renal infarctions, aterosclerosis, trauma or rejection of transplan, indifies primary renal disease |
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|
Term
| a CT scan is sueful in detecting |
|
Definition
| kidney size, tumors, abscesses, obstruction and adrenal masses and tumors |
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|
Term
| for CT san ass the pt for |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| perfomred ot obtain a specimen of renal tissue for direct microscopic examination |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| renal biopsy is usually done to evaluate conditoins leading ot |
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Definition
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|
Term
| a surgical procdure in which an incision is made in the flank and a specime of kidney tissu is removed |
|
Definition
| the open method for renal biopsy |
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|
Term
| invloves insertion of a needle under fluroscopy or ultrasonography to aspirate the tissue specimen |
|
Definition
| closed method for renal biopsy |
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|
Term
| for the closed renal biopsy proceudre the pt must be able to lie in the prone position with a blanket roll under the lwoer abdomen for up to |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| the most serious complication of a renal biopsy is |
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Definition
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|
Term
| the direct visualatio of the interior of the urethra, bladder an dureteral orifices |
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Definition
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|
Term
| the cystosopy allows the health care provider to |
|
Definition
| observe lesions, locate sources of bleeding and take biopsy samples |
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|
Term
| treatments that can be perfomred with cytoscopy |
|
Definition
cauterizaiton of lesions,
removal of calculi, tumors or foreign materials,
implantaion of radium seeds,
insertion of ureteral catheters
control of bleeding |
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|
Term
| effects common after cytoscopy |
|
Definition
| back pain, bladder spasms, urinary frequency, burning on urination |
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|
Term
| may be ordered to reduce bladder spasms after cytoscopy |
|
Definition
| delladonna and opium suppositories |
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|
Term
| rare but shoiuld be suspected if the pt has sever abdominal pain after cytoscopy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| measrue the rate and volume of urin flow during voiding |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| involves placing a catheter into the bladder and filling the bladder with contrast material followed by radiographs |
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Definition
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|
Term
| cystogram outliens the contour of the bladder and shows _ of urin from the bladder into the ureters |
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Definition
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|
Term
| cystograms are useful in diagnosing |
|
Definition
| neurogenic bladders, fistulas, tumors, ruptured bladders |
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|
Term
| used to evealuat bladder tone in the patient with incontinece or with a neruogenic bladder |
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Definition
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|
Term
| for the cystometrogram a _ is inserted into the bladder and fluid is instilled until the pt reports the urge to _ |
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Definition
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|
Term
| less than _ of residual urin is considered normal |
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Definition
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|
Term
| the capacity of the renal pelvis is only |
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
| a nonivasive procedure used to break up calculi |
|
Definition
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