What are the 2 ways organisms enter the Urinary Tract

1. Ascending Route: colonize the urethra and gain entrance into the bladder, then travel up the ureters into the tissues of the kidney 

2. Hematogenous (descending) route: Feed into the renal paranchyma by bacteria seeding from the blood stream

What are the colonizers of the urethra?

• Staph spp (not aureus) 
• Corynebacterium spp
• Viridans Streptococci (NF)
• Lactobacillus 
• Yeast 
• Enterics

What are the most common pathogens for  UTI for in-patients?

1. Ecoli, Klebs, other enterics 
2. Enterococcus 
3. Proteus spp
4. PSA

What are the most common pathogens for UTI in out-patients?

1. E. coli, Klebs, and other enterics 
2. Staph. saprophyticus 
3. Proteus spp
4. Yeast

What suggests infection on a dipstick?

Nitrate Reduction 

Leukocyte esterase

Can voided urines be used for culture?

Midstream clean catch is planted on a culture using what loop?

What loop is used to culture a Closed Catheter (foley indwelling) specimen?

What type of loop is used to culture a straight catheter specimen?