Term
FUNCTION
Filter # liters of blood daily, allowing toxins, metabolic wastes, and excess ions to leave the body in urine |
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Definition
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Term
kidney function:
FUNCTION
Regulate _____ and chemical makeup of the blood |
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Definition
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Term
FUNCTION
Maintain the _______ _______ between water and salts, and acids and bases |
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Definition
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Term
FUNTION
produced during long fasting |
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Definition
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Term
FUNCTION
Activation of vitamin D – metabolize vitamin D to its active form
(D?)
Tech name? |
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Definition
| (vitamin D3 form = calcitriol) |
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Term
FUNCTION
Production of ______ to help regulate
blood pressure and ____________ to stimulate RBC production |
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Definition
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Term
Metabolic wastes: Produced by body
Most toxic: Nitrogenous wastes
~ 50% _____ from protein catabolism
2. ______ acid – nucleotide metabolism
3. ______________ – metabolism of
creatine phosphate
4. Additional waste |
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Definition
| UREA, URIC ACID, CREATINE, AMMONIA |
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Term
| – transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder |
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Definition
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Term
| – provides a temporary storage reservoir for urine |
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Definition
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Term
| – transports urine from the bladder out of the body |
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Definition
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Term
| – the light colored, granular superficial region |
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Definition
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Term
| Medulla – exhibits cone-shaped medullary (renal) pyramids separated by columns |
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Definition
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Term
| Renal pelvis – flat funnel shaped tube lateral to the hilus within the renal sinus |
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Definition
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Term
– large branches of the renal pelvis
Collect urine draining from papillae
Empty urine into the pelvis |
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Definition
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Term
| THE ______ IS THE FUNCTIONAL UNIT OF THE KIDNEY |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| >1.2 million nephrons per kidney |
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Term
Two Parts of Nephron
1. _______ ______ (blood filtration)
2. ______ ______ (processes filtrate into urine) |
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Definition
Two Parts of Nephron
1. Renal corpuscle
2. RENAL TUBULE |
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Term
| blind, cup-shaped end of a renal tubule that completely surrounds the glomerulus |
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Definition
| Glomerular (Bowman’s) capsule – |
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Term
| – a tuft of capillaries associated with a renal tubule |
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Definition
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Term
| fenestrated epithelium that allows solute-rich, virtually protein-free filtrate to pass from the blood into the glomerular capsule |
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Definition
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Term
| Approximately % and ml; of systemic cardiac output flows through the kidneys each minute |
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Definition
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Term
| composed of cuboidal cells with numerous microvilli and mitochondria |
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Definition
| Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) – |
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Term
| composed of cuboidal cells with numerous microvilli and mitochondria |
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Definition
| Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) – |
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Term
| a hairpin-shaped loop of the renal tubule |
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Definition
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Term
| cuboidal cells without microvilli that function more in secretion than reabsorption |
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Definition
| Distal convoluted tubule (DCT) |
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Term
| The distal portion of the distal convoluted tubule nearer to the collecting ducts |
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Definition
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Term
Cuboidal cells with microvilli
Function in maintaining the acid-base balance of the body |
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Definition
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Term
Cuboidal cells without microvilli
Help maintain the body’s water and salt balance |
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Definition
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Term
| 85% of nephrons; located in the cortex; shorter loops of Henle in medulla region; not “proper” function; general ultrafiltration |
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Definition
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Term
Are located at the cortex-medulla junction
Have loops of Henle that deeply invade the medulla
Have extensive thin segments
Are involved in the production of concentrated urine |
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Definition
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Term
EVERY NEPHRON HAS
TWO CAPILLARY BEDS!
name them |
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Definition
| GLOMERULUS AND VASA RECTA |
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Term
| branch off the efferent arterioles of juxtamedullary nephrons (those nephrons closest to the medulla), enter the medulla, and surround the loop of Henle |
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Definition
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Term
Each glomerulus is:
Fed by an __________
Drained by a ________ |
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Definition
affarent arteriole
efferent arteriole |
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Term
| The kidneys filter the body’s entire plasma volume ___ times each day |
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Definition
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Term
| The pressure responsible for filtrate formation |
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Definition
| Net Filtration Pressure (NFP) |
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Term
Three mechanisms control the GFR
1. Renal autoregulation
A)_____________
2. Neural controls
3. Hormonal mechanism (the renin-angiotensin system; antidiuretic hormone)
B)______________ |
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Definition
| INTRINSIC CONTROL; EXTRINSIC |
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Term
| responds to changes in pressure in the renal blood vessels; Vascular smooth muscle has a tendency to contract when stretched; |
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Definition
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Term
| senses changes in the juxtaglomerular apparatus |
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Definition
| Flow-dependent tubuloglomerular feedback |
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Term
| causes contraction of the afferent arteriole; restricts flow to the glomerulus and prevents rising pressure/damage in glomerulus |
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Definition
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Term
Tall, closely packed distal tubule cells
Lie adjacent to JG cells
Function as chemoreceptors or osmoreceptors |
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Definition
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Term
Have phagocytic and contractile properties
Influence capillary filtration |
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Definition
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Term
smooth muscle
Cells in afferent arteriole |
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Definition
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Term
If GFR: insufficient time to reabsorb NaCl
2. High NaCl in filtrate causes
______ ________ cells
to secrete a vasoconstrictor (ATP?) |
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Definition
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Term
JGA monitors fluid entering DCT
and adjust GFR to maintain
Homeostasis |
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Definition
| Tubuloglomerular Feedback |
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Term
Enlarged, smooth muscle cells
Have secretory granules containing RENIN
Act as mechanoreceptors |
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Definition
| juxtaglomerular (JG) cells |
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Term
Renal blood vessels are maximally dilated
Autoregulation mechanisms prevail
SYMPATHEITC OR PARA? |
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Definition
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Term
constricts afferent arteriole
Helps maintain BP & shunts blood to heart & muscles |
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Definition
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Term
_____________ is released by the sympathetic nervous system
_____________ is released by the adrenal medulla
________ _______ constrict and filtration is inhibited
The sympathetic nervous system also stimulates the _________-________ |
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Definition
| NE,EPINEPHRINE, AFFARENT ARTERIOLES, renin-angiotensin |
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Term
| Is triggered when the JG cells release RENIN |
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Definition
| Renin-Angiotensin Mechanism |
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