Term
| What are the components of the urinary system? |
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Definition
2 kidneys
2 ureters
1 urinary bladder
1 urethra |
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Term
| Limited Transport Capacity |
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Definition
| Amount of a substance that can be transported is limited by the number of protein carriers available |
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Term
| What is the outer area of the kidney? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the inner part of the kidney? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 2 main areas of a kidney? |
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Definition
| Renal cortex and renal medulla |
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Term
| What gland is located on top of the kidneys? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the openings of the kidneys? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a cavity inside of kidneys hilum? |
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Definition
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Term
| Superior part of ureter that branches when entering kidneys? |
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Definition
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Term
| The functional units of kidneys that filters blood and makes urine.. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Cortex material between renal pyramids? |
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Definition
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Term
| Ends of renal pyramids that dump urine into calyces |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
-filters blood
-excretes waste to outside
-erythropoietin(hormone) helps control RBC production
-renin (enzyme) helps regulate blood pressure by Vaso-constriction and vasodilation
-helps absorb calcium by activating vitamin D
-helps regulate the volume, composition, and pH of body fluids |
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Term
| Balls of capillaries found in nephrons |
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Definition
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Term
| 2 main parts of the nephron |
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Definition
Renal capsule
Renal tubule |
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Term
| 5 subcomponents of the nephron |
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Definition
Bowman's capsule
Proximal convoluted tubule
Nephron loop
Distal convoluted tubule
Collecting duct |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Material that goes through capillaries, result of filtration |
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Term
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Definition
How fast the kidneys can regulate
Affected by blood pressure and blood flow (volume) |
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Term
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Definition
| Kidneys can regulate blood flow to themselves |
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Term
| Characteristics of Passive Transport |
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Definition
-no energy required
-greater concentration to lower concentration
-protein carriers required for facilitated diffusion only |
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Term
| Types of Passive Transport |
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Definition
Simple diffusion
Fascilitated diffusion
Hydrostatic pressure
Osmosis (water) |
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Term
| Characteristics of Active Transport |
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Definition
-always requires energy
-lesser concentration to greater concentration
-always need protein carriers |
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Term
| Types of active transport |
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Definition
Endocytosis (into by active)
Exocytosis (out by active)
Phagocytosis (cells eating)
Pinocytosis (cells drinking)
Cell-mediated Endocytosis (cells have ability to take in certain substances) |
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Term
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Definition
Taking good things in filtrate and putting it back into blood (like glucose and electrolytes)
Filtrate to blood
Renal tubule to peritubular cavity |
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Term
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Definition
Movement of materials from
Blood to filtrate
Peritubular cavity to renal tubule
Getting rid of things we don't want like uric acid and urea |
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Term
| What are the 3 main vessels that enter and exit the kidneys? |
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Definition
Superarenal artery- supplies kidneys with blood
Renal artery- off abdominal aorta
Renal vein- attaches to inferior vena cava |
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Term
| What are the biggest factors to determining final urine composition? |
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Definition
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Term
| What hormone is used for water conservation? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Posterior lobe of pituitary gland |
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Term
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Definition
-released in response to dehydration
-makes walls of distal convoluted tubule and collecting ducts more permiable
-creates concentrated urine
-#1 way to regulate water in body |
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Term
| Typical urine sample includes... |
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Definition
-95% H2O
-Uric acid (metabolism of organic bases)
-Urea (metabolism of amino acids)
-creatine
-creatinine
-mucus
-traces of amino acids and electrolytes |
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Term
| Normal Urine production is... |
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Definition
| 50-60 cubic centimeters/hour |
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Term
| Abnormal urine sample might contain... |
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Definition
-blood
-bacteria
-protein
-glucose |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Where are the kidneys located? |
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Definition
| In the abdominopelvic cavity, high in the posterior wall |
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Term
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Definition
Tubes that come off the kidneys
They transport urine from kidneys to urinary bladder |
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Term
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Definition
Inside- epithelial tissue
Middle- smooth muscle tissue
Outside- connective tissue |
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Term
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Definition
| Temporary storage of urine |
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Term
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Definition
Baroreceptors
Fundus
Right and left ureter
Urethra
Internal and external urethral sphincter |
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Term
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Definition
Epithelial tissue
2 layers of smooth muscle
Connective tissue |
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Term
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Definition
Smooth muscle in bladder wall contains 2 layers 1 circular and 1 longitudinal
Very similar movement to peristalsis |
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Term
| What organ has the greatest pressure change during daily life? |
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Definition
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Term
| What kind of tissue lines the inside of the bladder? |
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Definition
| Transitional epithelial tissue |
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Term
What is the max the bladder can hold?
What does it hold in normal conditions? |
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Definition
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Term
| What structure monitors pressure in bladder? |
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Definition
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Term
| Another name for urination is... |
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Definition
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Term
| Reflex signal pathway of urination... |
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Definition
| Baroreceptors sends signals to spinal cord (simple reflex) then sends signal via motor neuron to detrusor muscle to start contracting. This causes the sense of urgency |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What is the structure of the urethra wall |
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Definition
Same 3 layer structure as ureter
Epithelial tissue
Muscle tissue
Connective tissue |
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Term
| What structures regulate the passage of urine from bladder to urethra? |
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Definition
Internal urethral sphincter- involuntary
External urethral sphincter- voluntary |
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