Term
| Organs of the Urinary System |
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Definition
kidneys
ureters
urinary bladder
urethra |
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Term
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Definition
| filter water products from the blood stream and convert the filtrate into urine |
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Term
| Ureter, urinary bladder, and urethra are collectively known as the |
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Definition
| urinary tract, because they transport the urine out of the body |
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Term
| The urinary system performs what functions |
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Definition
Storeage of urine
Excretion of urine
Regulation of blood volume
Regulation of erythrocyte production |
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Term
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Definition
| transports urine from the urinary bladder and expels it outside the body |
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Term
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Definition
control the volume of interstitial fluid and blood under the dirction of certain hormones.
Changes in blood volume affect blood pressure, so the kidneys indirectly affect blood pressure |
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Term
| If blood oxygen levels are reduced, cells in the kidney secrete what hormone |
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Definition
erythropoietin
acts on stem cells in the bone marrow to increase erythrocyte production.
Having more erythrocytes allows the blood to transport more oxygen |
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Term
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Definition
Maintains kidney shape
Protects it from trauma
Helps prevent infectious pathogens from entering the kidney |
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Term
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Definition
adipose CT
offers cushioning and insulation |
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Term
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Definition
dense irregular CT
anchors the kidney to the posterior abdominal wall and peritoneum |
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Term
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Definition
adipose connective tissue
lies between the renal fascia and the peritoneum |
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Term
| Interlobar vessels are located between |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| vessel "arcs" at the corticomedullary junction |
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Term
| Interlobular vessels are located |
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Definition
| between the smaller lobules of the kidney cortex |
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Term
| Afferent arterioles carry blood |
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Definition
to the glomerulus
(remember, afferent means toward) |
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Term
| Efferent arterioles take blood |
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Definition
away from the glomerulus
(remember efferent means to take away or exit) |
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Term
| Peritubular capillaries are |
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Definition
around ("peri") the tubules
(proximal and distal convoluted tubules) |
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Term
Vasa recta means _______ ________
and these vessels |
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Definition
straight vessels
run parallel to the long, straight tubules of the nephron loop |
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Term
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Definition
| the functional filtration unit in the kidney |
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Term
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Definition
renal corpuscle
proximal convoluted tubule
nephron loop
distal convoluted tubule
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Term
| The proximal convoluted tubule, nephron loop, and distal convoluted tubule are collectively known as the |
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Definition
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Term
| There are two types of nephrons |
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Definition
cortical nephrons - reside solely in the cortex
juxtamedullary nephrons - extend deep into the medulla |
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Term
| The nephrons form urine through three interrelated processes |
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Definition
filtration
reabsorption
secretion |
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Term
| Usually the right kidney is slightly inferior to the left kidney because |
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Definition
| of the space occupied the liver |
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Term
| The medial concave border has an opening called the |
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Definition
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Term
| In the Renal hilum, blood vessels, lymph vessels, and nerves pass into a space within the kidney called the |
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Definition
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Term
| The renal medulla is subdivided into |
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Definition
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Term
| Renal pyramids , each with an apex called a |
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Definition
| renal papilla that projects into the funnel-shaped minor calyx |
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Term
| Urine deposited within the minor calyx flows into the |
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Definition
| major calyx and then into the renal pelvis |
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Term
| Blood is transported to the kidneys in |
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Definition
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Term
| The renal arteries divide into |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Interlobar arteris give rise to |
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Definition
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Term
| Arcuate arteries branch into |
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Definition
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Term
| Interlobular arteries supply the |
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Definition
| glomerulus via the afferent arteriole |
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Term
| Blood leaving the glomerulus follows the path |
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Definition
efferent arteriole
peritubular capillaries or vasa recta
interlobular veins
arcuate veins
interlobar veins
and
renal vein |
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Term
| Nephrons are composed of a |
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Definition
renal corpuscle
renal tubule |
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Term
| The renal corpuscle is the site of |
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Definition
| blood filtration where water and some dissolved solutes move from the blood plasma into the capsular space of the renal corpuscle |
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Term
| The proximal convoluted tubule and nephron loop reabsorb |
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Definition
| almost all plasma proteins, nutrients, and ions from the tubular fluid |
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Term
| The distal convoluted tubules orginate from the |
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Definition
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Term
| Distal convoluted tubules empty into small collecting tubules that empty into collecting ducts, which merge to empty into the |
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Definition
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Term
| Papillary duct opens at the edge of the |
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Definition
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Term
| The renal papilla releases urine into the |
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Definition
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Term
| The juxtaglomerular apparatus release |
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Definition
| renin to regulate blood pressure |
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Term
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Definition
| smooth muscle cells of the afferent arteriorle |
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Term
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Definition
| distal convoluted tubule epithelial cells adjacent to the afferent arteriole |
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Term
| The renal plexus innervates each |
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Definition
| kidney with sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers |
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Term
| The urinary tract consists of |
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Definition
paired ureters
urinary bladder
and a single urethra |
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Term
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Definition
| retroperitoneal, fibromuscular tubes that conduct urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder |
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Term
| The ureteral mucosa has a |
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Definition
| transitional epithelium; the muscularies consists of two layers of smooth muscle that contract to squeeze urine to the urinary bladder |
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Term
| The ureters project through the bladder wall |
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Definition
| obliquely, causing the ureteral walls to compress as the bladder distends |
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Term
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Definition
is formed by a transitional epithelium
mucosal folds called rugae support bladder distension |
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Term
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Definition
| mucosal folds that support bladder distension |
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Term
Urinary Bladder
Submucosa |
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Definition
is formed by dense irregular CT
the muscularis is composed of three layers of smooth muscle bundles (the detrusor muscle) |
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Term
Urinary Bladder
Adventitia |
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Definition
| is the external layer of the urinary bladder |
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Term
Urinary Bladder
Micturition |
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Definition
parasympathetic stimulation,
sympathetic stimulation inhibits it |
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Term
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Definition
| conducts urine from the bladder to the exterior of the body |
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Term
The male urethra serves as a passageway for |
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Definition
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Term
| The male urethra has three partitions |
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Definition
prostatic urethra
membranous urethra
spongy urethra |
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Term
| Most of the early urinary system and the reproductive system form from the |
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Definition
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Term
| The intermediate mesoderm condenses along the |
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Definition
| posterior body wall and forms a urogenital ridge on each side of the vertebral column |
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Term
| Three successive sets of excretory organs form |
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Definition
the pronephros
the mesonephros
the metanephros (or permanent kidney) |
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Term
| The urinary bladder and urethra develop from the |
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Definition
| distal part of the hindgut called the cloaca |
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Term
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Definition
| is an enlarged, bulbous region of a nephron. It is composed of two structures; the thick tangle of capillaries called the glomerulues, and an epithelial capsule surrounding the glomerus called teh glomerular capsule |
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