Term
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Definition
1.filters blood plasma
-returns useful substances to the blood
-eliminates waste
2.regulates
-osmolarity of body fluids, blood volume, blood pressure
-acid-base balance
3.secrets renin and erythropoietin
4.detoxifies free radicals and drugs..
5.gluconeogenesis |
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Term
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Definition
1.Urea-protein->amino acids->NH2 removed->ammonia, liver converts in to urea.
2.Uric acid-nucleic a acid catabolism
3.Creatinine-
-creatine phosphate catabolisum
-an important indicator of kidney function
3.Renal failure-
-Azotemia: Increase BUN, nitrogenous wastes in blood
-Uremia-toxic effects as wastes accumulate |
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Term
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Definition
Respiratory: CO2
Integumentary: waster, salts, lactic acid, urea
Digestive:water salts, CO2,lipids, bile pigment, cholesterol.
Urinary:many metabolic wastes, toxins, drugs, hormones, salts, H, and water. |
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Term
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Definition
| longest, most coiled, where most glomerular filtrate is reabsorbed. |
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Term
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Definition
thick segment-part of descending limb and part of all of ascending limb.
-thing segment-very water permeable. |
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Term
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Definition
| re absorption variable, predominantly under hormonal control. |
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Term
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Definition
| several dct join and concentrates urine. |
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Term
| Flow of glomerular filtrate |
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Definition
glomerular capsule
PCT
nephron loop
DCT
collecting duct
papillary duct
minor caylax
major caylax
renal pelvis
ureter
urinary bladder
urethra |
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Term
| Cortical nephron and juxtamedullary nephron |
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Definition
cortical=short loops, efferent arterioles branch off peritubular capillaries.
Jux-very long loops, maintain salt gradient helps conserve water |
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Term
| Path of blood through kidney |
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Definition
renal artery
interlobar arteries
arcuate arteries
interlobular arteries
afferent arterioles
glomerulse capsule
efferent arterioles
pertibular capillaries
interlobular veins
renial vein |
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Term
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Definition
1.filtration-the nephron filters small solutes out of the blood into the filtrate (plasma like substance)
2.reabsorption-useful solutes are removed from the filtrate and absorbed back into the blood.
3.Secretion-additional waste are removed from the blood and put into the filtrate.
4.Concentration-waster is reabsorbed and returned to the blood, concentrating the urine. |
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Term
| filtration membrane and blood |
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Definition
blood enters the capsule under pressure and passes through
1.fenestrated endothelium-pores exclude cells
2.basement membrane-proteoglycan gel excludes molecules.
-blood plasma 7 percent protein, glomerular filtrate only .03 protein.
3.filtration slits-podocye arms have pedicels allow particles to pass |
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Term
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Definition
| blood cells and most proteins cannot pass through but glucose, fatty acids, amino acids, and ions can |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
increase GFR-urine output rises->dehydration electrolyte depletion
Decreased FR-wastes reabsorbed AXOTEMIA possible |
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Term
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Definition
by adjusting glomerular blood pressure;
-autoregulation'
-sympathetic control
-hormonal mechanism:RAA system |
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Term
| Myogenic Autoregulation of GFR |
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Definition
respond to changes in BP
BP increase=constrict afferent arteriole, dilate efferent arteriole
BP decrease-dilate afferent arteriole, constrict efferent
Stable for BP range of 80-170 mmhg systolic
cannot conpensate for extreme BP |
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Term
| Tubuloglomerular feedback control of GFR |
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Definition
another local autoregulation mechanism of GFR
Macula densa cells on DCT monitor turbular fluid.
JG cells are stimulated by macula densa cells to dilate or constrict the arteriloles
Mesangial cells-may secrete paracrine messengers to stimulate JG cells |
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Term
| Symphathetic control of GFR |
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Definition
Strenous exercise or acute condition-stimulate afferent arterioles to constrict.
->B1 adrenergic receptors
decrease GFR and urine production-redirecting blood flow to heart brain and skeletal muscles
GFR may drop as low as a few millilters per minute. |
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Term
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Definition
made in liver.
-drop in BP stimulates JG cells to release renin.
-renin converts angiotensionogen to AG1
AG1-converted to AG2 via ACE in the lungs.
AG2 is a powerful vasoconstrictor w/ multiple effects. |
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