Term
| What are the 4 body systems that contribute to waste elimination? |
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Definition
1) Respiratory - done through expiration
2) Integumentary - sweating
3) Digestive - solid, through excretion
4) Urinary - excreted through urination |
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Term
| What 5 areas make up the anatomy of the Urinary System? |
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Definition
1) Kidneys
2) Ureters
3) Urethra
4) Urinary bladder
5) Urine |
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Term
| What are the 6 functions of the Urinary System? |
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Definition
1) Eliminating waste and foreign substances
2) Regulates blood's chemical composition
3) Regulates blood pH
4) Regulates blood volume and fluid balance
5) Regulates blood pressure
6) Maintains homeostasis |
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Term
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Definition
- the principal organs of the urinary system
- processes blood and forms urine to be excreted
- located in the upper lumbar region of the spine
- lima bean-shaped, approximately the size of a bar of soap, located behind the abdominal peritoneum
- right side slightly lower than left |
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Term
| What is the fibrous material surrounding the kidneys? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| - the adipose tissue that the kidneys are imbedded in, to serve as a barrier against trauma and the spread of infection |
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Term
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Definition
- the indentation located in the medially concave region of the kidney
- contains passageways for the renal arteries, renal veins, and the ureters
- has two major regions |
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Term
| What are the two major regions of the Hilum |
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Definition
1) The cortex (outer region)
2) Medulla (inner region) |
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Term
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Definition
Filtering units that make up the composer of the kidneys
- Has 3 main parts |
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Term
| What are the 3 main parts of the nephrons |
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Definition
1) Glomerulus
2) Bowman's capsule
3) Renal Tubule |
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Term
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Definition
- Formed by afferent arterioles, then branches into a tuft-like network of capillaries
- Filtration membrane separates it from Bowman's capsule |
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Term
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Definition
- Hollow cup-shaped mouth of a nephron
= Collects filtrate for transport through the nephrons |
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Term
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Definition
1) Proximal convoluted tubule
2) Loop of Henle
3) Distal convoluted tubule |
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Term
| Renal Tubule: Proximal convoluted tubule |
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Definition
| - first part of renal tubule, nearest to the Bowman's capsule |
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Term
| Renal tubule: Loop of Henle |
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Definition
- just past the proximal convoluted tubule
- consists of a descending limb, a hairpin turn, and an ascending limb
- extends deep into the medulla |
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Term
| Renal Tubule: Distal Convoluted Tubule |
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Definition
| - just beyond the loop of Henle |
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Term
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Definition
| - triangular wedges of collecting tubules, making up much of the medullary tissue |
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Term
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Definition
| - narrow base of pyramid, facing toward the hilum |
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Term
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Definition
| - areas formed by cortical tissue that dips into the medulla between the pyramids |
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Term
| Juxtaglomerular Apparatus |
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Definition
- Cells that measure blood pressure
- Located where the afferent arteriole touches the distal convoluted tubule
- Composed of two important structures
1) Juxtaglomerular cells
2) Macula Densa |
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Term
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Definition
- located in the afferent arteriole
- assist in maintaining blood pressure by secreting renin when blood pressure drops |
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Term
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Definition
- located in the distal convoluted tubule
- responds to decrease in sodium by releasing prostaglandins, which stimulate renin secretion |
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Term
| What are the types of waste eliminated by the Urinary System? |
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Definition
- ammonia
- urea
- creatinine
- uric acid
- drugs
- environmental toxins |
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Term
| What is the correct order of flow of fluids through the Nephron? |
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Definition
1) Bowman's capsule
2) Renal Tubule
3) Collecting duct
4) Renal papilla
5) Minor calyx
6) Major calyx
7) Renal pelvis
8) Ureter |
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Term
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Definition
- made up of distal tubules of several nephrons
- join with other ducts to form renal papilla
- contain calyx and renal pelvis |
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Term
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Definition
| - point where urine leaves the renal papilla and is collected for transport out of the body |
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Term
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Definition
| - large collection reservoir in upper region of ureter |
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Term
| What is the correct sequence of Blood Vessels and Blood Flow in the kidneys? |
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Definition
1) Renal artery
2) Afferent arteriole
3) Glomerulus
4) Afferent arteriole
5) Peritubular capillaries
6) Renal Cenule
7) Renal Vein
8) Inferior vena cava |
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Term
| What is the 3 step process of filtration of blood and formation of urine in the urinary system? |
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Definition
1) Filtration
2) Reabsorption
3) Tubular secretion |
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Term
| Filtration (pertaining to the Urinary System) |
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Definition
- blood enters the renal corpuscle via glomeruli
- water and other substances from blood cross over into Bowman's capsule
- Proteins and other blood elements too large to pass through are retained in bloodstream
- Toxins are collected in renal tubules and allowed to leave in urine |
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Term
| Reabsorption (pertaining to the Urinary System) |
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Definition
- Occurs when water and useful substances from renal tubules are reabsorbed from all parts of the renal tubule into peritubular blood
- Majority of body's water, along with glucose and amino acids, is retained and returned to the blood in reabsorption |
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Term
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Definition
- Water and necessary nutrients recovered from filtrate by crossing back from renal tubules to bloodstream
- rids body of toxic elements and controls blood pH
- Toxins may include organic compounds and ions |
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Term
| What are the steps in the formation of urine? |
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Definition
1) Begins in renal cortex when blood enters and is filtered in renal corpuscle
2) Filtrate flows into proximal convoluted tubule, which feeds to loop of henle
3) Flows into distal convoluted tubule and then into collecting tubules in medulla
4) Filtrate is routed into large papillary ducts
5) Once filtrate reaches calyces, it is called urine |
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Term
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Definition
- 2 slender hollow tubes about 10 inches long that transport urine from kidneys to urinary bladder
- Located bilaterally
- Urine is drained by peristaltic activity from major and minor calyces, continues until reaches urinary bladder |
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Term
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Definition
- Located in pelvis behind pubic symphysis
- Provides temporary storage reservoir for urine
- Contains trigone
- Expansion allowed by:
- Rugae - folds within interior lining
- Transitional epithelium |
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Term
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Definition
| - triangular floor consisting of the openings of ureters and the urethra |
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Term
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Definition
- Small tubular structure that transports urine from urinary bladder out of body during urination
- length differs from males and females
- female - only 1.5 inches long
- Male - about 8 inches (depending on penile length) |
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Term
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Definition
- concentrated filtrate from kidneys that is 96% water, 4% dissolved wastes
- tends to be slightly acidic
- Average adult produces 1 to 2 quarts of urine per day
- contains diuretic
- a synonym is micturition |
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Term
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Definition
| - substance promoting formation and excretion of urine |
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Term
| Controlling the Water Balance of the Body |
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Definition
- Bloodstream is responsible for water transfer to and from all cells and for oxygen and nutrient exchange
- key is to regulate fluid balance of blood
- Secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) regulates control of water balance by stimulating the kidneys to reabsorb water |
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