Term
True or False
Kidneys are constantly making urine |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the function of the ureters? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the function of the bladder? |
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Definition
| collect, store & release urine |
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Term
| A male's urethra has two functions while a female only has one. What is this second function? |
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Definition
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Term
| This structure is a continuation of the neck of the bladder |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the function of the kidneys? |
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Definition
| filtration, re-absorption and secretion |
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Term
| What is the significance of the positioning of the ureters as they enter the bladder? |
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Definition
| prevents urine from backing up into the ureters |
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Term
| The urethra will need to what structures for voiding urine? |
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Definition
| Nothing! The urethra is the final organ/structure involved in the urinary process |
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Term
| What are the 5 main functions of the urinary system? |
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Definition
-Regulate blood volume & pressure
-control ion levels in blood
-maintain blood pH
-manipulate composition of blood plasma
-waste product removal from the body |
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Term
| What are the two major Nitrogen products the urinary system deals with? |
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Definition
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Term
True or False
Kidneys are involved in the production of a hormone which stimulates bone barrow to increase production of RBCs |
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Definition
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Term
| Kidneys are involved in the activation of which vitamin |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the typical shape of a kidney? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the name & function of the fatty tissue surrounding the kidneys? |
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Definition
perirenal fat
-cushions & protects kidneys (mechanical insulation) |
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Term
| What is the name for the outermost region of the kidney? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why does the cortex receive the most amount of blood flow to the kidneys? |
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Definition
| This is where the majority of the nephrons are found |
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Term
| What is the functional unit of the kidney? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the name for the inner region (hilus) of the kidney? |
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Definition
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Term
True or False
The hilus is located on the lateral side of the kidney |
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Definition
False
Located on the medial side of the kidney |
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Term
| What are the 5 major structures that enter & leave the kidney? |
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Definition
-renal artery & vein
-nerve & lymphatic vessel
-ureter |
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Term
| This structure is a funnel shaped area which acts as a urine collection chamber, and is the origin of the ureter |
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Definition
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Term
True or False
Cattle have lobular kidneys, which is typical of most farm animals |
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Definition
False
Most kidneys have a smooth surface, lobular kidneys are an exception to the norm |
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Term
True or False
The number of nephrons found within the kidneys is relatively consistent across all species |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the name of the double-walled, cup-shaped structure into which the renal capillary enters? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| tangled not of capillaries via which the renal capillary enters the bowman's capsule |
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Term
| What are the two components of the Malpighian (renal curpuscle) |
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Definition
| Bowman's Capsule & Glomerulus |
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Term
| What is the name of the outer layer of the Bowman's capsule? |
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Definition
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Term
| That is the inner layer of the Bowman's capsule called, and what does it adhere to? |
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Definition
visceral layer
-adheres to surface of glomerular capillaries |
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Term
| What is the region of space between the two layers of Bowman's capsule? |
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Definition
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Term
| After being filtered by the renal corpuscle, where do the filtered components of the blood go? |
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Definition
| To the capsular space, then through the proximal convoluted tubule |
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Term
| What is the function of the renal corpuscle? |
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Definition
| filter blood in the 1st stage of urine production to produce glomerular filtrate |
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Term
| What is the importance of the large surface area of the proximal convoluted tubule? |
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Definition
| maximizes reabsorption and secretion fucntions |
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Term
| What is the fluid produced in the renal corpuscle? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the fluid produced in the proximal convoluted tubule? |
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Definition
| tubular filtate (primitive urine) |
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Term
| What is the longest part of the tubular urinary system? |
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Definition
| proximal convoluted tubule |
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Term
| What is the structure that continues from the PCT and descends into the medulla? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the structure that continues the Loop of Henle after it re-enters the cortex? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are collecting ducts? |
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Definition
| carry tubular filtrate into medulla, to empty into renal pelvis |
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Term
| If the body senses that it needs to retain water, what will happen in the collecting ducts? |
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Definition
| anti-diuretic hormone will be secreted, which increases the reabsorption of water in the ducts |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What vessels carry blood into the tuft of glomerular capillaries? |
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Definition
| afferent glomerular arterioles |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What happens to blood that doesn't get filtered in the glomerular capillaries? |
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Definition
enters the efferent glomerular arterioles, goes to peritubular capillaries, will reach renal vein and empty into posterior vena cava
(arteriole -> capillaries -> venule -> renal vein -> posterior vena cava) |
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Term
| Why are the afferent glomerular arterioles, glomerular capillaries & effert glomerular arterioles unique? |
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Definition
| There is oxygenated blood on both 'sides' of the capillaries (in other blood vessel systems this would not be the case) |
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Term
| Where does blood filtration occur? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is unique about the pressure in the glomerular capillaries, and how does this affect blood plasma in the capillaries? |
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Definition
much higher blood pressure than in typical capillaries
-forces blood plasma into the capsular space |
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Term
| Compare the size of the pores in the capillary endothelium to the pores in capillaries elsewhere in the body? |
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Definition
| much larger, allows more fluid to pass though to be filtered |
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Term
| Why is there no protein in glomerular filtrate? |
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Definition
| Pore size doesn't allow protein molecules to pass through, this is important because you don't want to lose plasma proteins (essential for body function) |
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Term
| If protein is detected in the glomerular protein, what has likely happened? |
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Definition
| glomerular capillary endothelium is likely damaged |
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Term
| Once glomerular filtrate enters the PCT, what is it called? |
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Definition
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Term
| How are compounds in the tubular filtrate that are needed by the body reabsorbed? |
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Definition
| in the nephron, enter the blood in peritubular capillaries |
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Term
| What proportion of reabsorption occurs in the PCT? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What is tubular secretion? |
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Definition
| -removal of waste products and foreign compounds that aren't filtered from the blood in adequate quantities |
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Term
| Where does tubular secretion primarily occur? |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the structures involved in the urinary system in the order the urine passes through them before being voided from the body. |
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Definition
renal capillary
bowman's capsule
capsular space
proximal convoluted tubule
loop of henle
distal convoluted tubule
collecting ducts
renal pelvis
ureter
urinary bladder
urethra |
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Term
|
Definition
1. ureter
2. renal pelvis
3. medulla
4. cortex |
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Term
|
Definition
1. renal capillary
2. Bowman's capsule
3. glomerulus
4. Renal/Malpigian corpuscle
5. Proximal convoluted tubule
6. Loop of Henle
7. Distal convoluted tubule
8. collecting ducts |
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