Term
| General functions of the respiratory system: |
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Definition
Gaseous exchange: Volume regulation and air conditioning- ancillary organs, Blood gas barrier- lung alveoli
Also:
Olfaction
Vocalisation- phonation
Contribution to:
Temperature regulation
Acid-base regulation |
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Term
| The respiratory system consists of |
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Definition
Ancillary organs: Passages to and from the lungs, Air conditioning, volume regulation
The lungs: Located in the thoracic cavity, Passageways and gaseous exchange tissue
The diaphragm Muscular pumping mechanism: Forms partition between the thorax and abdominal cavities
(plus muscles associated with body wall) |
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Term
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Definition
| elongated skull conformation |
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Term
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Definition
| Standard skull conformation |
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Term
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Definition
| shortened skull conformation |
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Term
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Definition
Nasal vestibule (most rostral): Nostrils and vestibule extend beyond skull, Supported by cartilage
Main cavity: air conditioning, dorsal, ventral nasal conchae (turbinate bones)
Caudal region: olfactory region, ethmoidal conchae |
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Term
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Definition
Nose and nasal vestibule project beyond bony skull
Mobile, flexible
Supported by paired nasal cartilages (complex) and the nasal septum |
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Term
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Definition
external nares
Incorporated into upper lip
Divided by Philtrum
Comma shaped wing
Skin a-glandular, hairless, pigmented and grooved (nose print)
Moistened via nasolacrimal glands and lateral nasal glands |
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Term
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Definition
Skin continues into vestibule
3 mucosal folds: Alar fold (largest), dorsal, and basal. all Direct air flow
Nasolacrimal duct
Ducts of the lateral nasal glands |
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Term
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Definition
turbinate bones
Dorsal (simple) and Ventral (complex): Very vascular mucosa, Function ‘air conditioning’
Middle and Ethmoidal: Olfactory epithelium |
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Term
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Definition
Dorsal meatus: to olfactory epithelium
Middle meatus: to Paranasal sinuses
Ventral and common meatus: to nasopharynx |
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Term
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Definition
Air-filled spaces between plates of bone associated nasal cavity
Frontal Sinuses
Maxillary Recess |
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Term
| Nasal Cavity blood Supply |
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Definition
Ethmoidal artery (br. Ext. Ophthalmic a.)
Satellite veins |
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Term
| Nasal Cavity Nerve Supply |
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Definition
Trigeminal n. (V)- sensory to mucosa
Olfactory n. (I)- sensory to olfactory mucosa |
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Term
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Definition
extension of hard palate
separates nasopharynx and oropharynx |
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Term
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Definition
Auditory tubes: Lead to Tympanic bulla or middle ear, Lined by respiratory epithelium, Function (equalisation of pressure)
Pharyngeal tonsil:
Part of retro-pharyngeal lymph centre
Lymphatic tissue- immuno surveillance
Between the 2 auditory openings |
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Term
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Definition
The Common Pharynx
Wall formed by pharyngeal muscles
Floor occupied by entrance to larynx (Aditus) |
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Term
| Laryngopharynx Blood Supply |
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Definition
Asc. pharyngeal a.
Cr. laryngeal a. |
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Term
| Laryngopharynx Nerve Supply |
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Definition
Sensory
Trigeminal n. (V)
Glossopharyngeal n. (IX)
Motor
Glossopharyngeal n (IX)
Vagus n (X) |
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Term
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Definition
All structures lined by ‘respiratory ‘epithelium: Exception Ethmoidal and middle conchae
Particulate matter trapped in mucus sheet, Produced by goblet cells and sub-mucosal glands
Mucus is wafted towards pharynx (cilia), swallowed or expectorated
Serous glands: moisten inhaled air
Highly vascular Lamina propria: Warms air |
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Term
| Respiratory Epithelium cell type |
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Definition
Pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium with goblet cells
5: 1 ratio (plus other cell types described) |
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Term
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Definition
secretion solubilizes incoming odorants
found in olfactory epithelium on rostral side of cribiform plate. |
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Term
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Definition
| does not communicate directly with nasal cavity |
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Term
| Nasal Diverticulum (equine) |
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Definition
False Nostril
Blind ending cutaneous pouch
Extends caudally to nasoincisive notch |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Bovine
Planum fused with upper lips
No philtrum
Long tactile airs- lateral border
Nostrils- wide & oval |
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Term
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Definition
Porcine
Fused with upper lip
Rostral bone
Strengthening
Ringed to stop rooting
Skin :
Hairless but glandular |
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Term
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Definition
Ruminants
partially divides the naspharynx |
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Term
| 5 Equine Paranasal Sinuses |
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Definition
Dorsal conchal sinus
Ventral conchal sinus
Maxillary sinus (rostral and caudal compartments)
Frontal sinus
Spheno-palatine sinus
Because of intercommunication, 2 systems are recognised: Ventral conchal / rostral maxillary sinuses and All the others |
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Term
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Definition
equine
single opening in the middle meatus for Passage of air into/out of the paranasal sinuses |
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Term
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Definition
is a surgical intervention in which a hole is drilled into the sinus cavity of an equine
Frontal Sinus, Caudal Maxillary Sinus, and Rostral Maxillary Sinus |
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Term
| Maxillary Sinus Boundaries |
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Definition
Rostral: line through infra-orbital foramen
Caudal: transverse line through middle of the eye
Dorsal: line from the medial canthus of the eye to the infraorbital foramen
Ventral: facial crest and just rostral to its end
Clinical Note: Position of nasolacrimal duct and Infraorbital nerve limit surgical field |
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Term
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Definition
Rostral: transverse line ½ way between medial canthus of eye and nasoincisive notch
Caudal: transverse line taken ½ way along zygomatic arch
Dorsal: approx. 2cm from the midline
Ventral: dorsal to line from medial canthus of eye to naso-incisive notch |
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Term
| Paranasal sinuses in ruminants/pigs |
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Definition
Extensive but do not intercommunicate
Conchal (dorsal and ventral)
Frontal
Maxillary
Palatine
Lacrimal
Sphenoidal
Frontal sinuses and maxillary sinuses are the most important |
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Term
| Frontal sinuses- large ruminants |
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Definition
| Invasion of cornual process @ 6mths (cornual diverticulum) |
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Term
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Definition
Soft palate- extremely long
Palato pharyngeal arch: Forms soft cuff which surrounds the entrance to larynx
Net effect - Laryngeal entrance (aditus) is held permanently up in nasopharynx
Obligate Nose breathers |
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Term
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Definition
Part of equine nasopharynx
Entrance to auditory tubes:
Long, slit-like; lateral wall; flaps of cartilage
Lined with respiratory epithelium
Stylohoid bone divides each into medial (M) and lateral compartments (L) |
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Term
| Medial Compartment of guttoral pouch |
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Definition
Cranial nerves : Glossopharyngeal (IX); Vagus (X); Accessory (XI), Hypoglossal (XII)
Continuation of the sympathetic trunk
Internal carotid artery |
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Term
| Lateral Compartment of Guttoral Pouch |
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Definition
Cranial nerve Facial nerve (VII)
External carotid artery
The external maxillary vein |
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Term
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Definition
Parotid Duct
Ligament to Sternocepahlic Muscle
linguo-facial vein
Used to access guttoral patch |
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