Term
| rhinitis: primary mode of transmission |
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Definition
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Term
| when do PMNs infiltrate in rhinitis? |
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Definition
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Term
| rhinitis symptoms lasting >10d indicates... |
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Definition
| complications or allergic rhinitis |
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Term
| wheezing in rhinitis indicates... |
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Definition
| underlying asthma or COPD |
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Term
| differential diagnosis for rhinitis (5) |
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Definition
| allergy, vasomotor, flu, sinusitis, pertussis |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| why is aspirin contraindicated in children? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| AB exotoxin; catalyzes the ADP-ribosylation of a G protein, increasing intracellular cAMP |
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Term
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Definition
| 1. catarrhal: 1-2 wks of rhinorrhea, cough, conjunctivitis 2. paroxysmal: wheezing >2wks, chronic cough, lymphocytosis 3. convalescent: slow resolution |
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Term
| apnea spells in infant; dx? |
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Definition
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Term
| complications of whooping cough |
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Definition
| vomiting, syncope, hypoxemia, atelectasis, low FiO2, death (age<2mo) |
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Term
| what is used to diagnose pertussis? |
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Definition
| direct fluorescence antigen testing |
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Term
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Definition
| erythromycin for pt and for pt's contacts |
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Term
| fever, facial pain and pressure, purulent nasal and postnasal discharge, maxillary tooth pain, unilateral headache, persistent cough, bad breath; dx? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| H. influenza, Strep pneumo, M. catarrhalis, viruses |
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Term
| complications of sinusitis |
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Definition
| Pott's tumor, intracranial abscesses |
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Term
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Definition
| amoxicillin +/- clavulanate or 2nd/3rd gen cephalosporin |
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Term
| how long does sinusitis last? when do symptoms worsen? |
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Definition
| lasts 2wks; symptoms worsen around 5-7d |
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Term
| most common causes of tonsillopharyngitis |
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Definition
| GAS; adenovirus most common cause of exudative pharyngitis |
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Term
| tonsillitis is most common in ___yo and rare in ___yo |
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Definition
| most common in 6-12yo; rare in <3yo |
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Term
| what streptococcal protein is responsible for virulence in pharyngitis? |
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Definition
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Term
| fever, dysphagia, otalgia; swollen, hyperemic tonsils, swollen lymph nodes, petechiae on palate; no vesicles, no ulcers, no rhinorrhea; dx? |
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Definition
| streptococcal pharyngitis |
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Term
| what bugs must be ruled out when diagnosing strep throat? |
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Definition
| EBV (Monospot), N. gonorrhea (child abuse!) |
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Term
| differential diagnosis for pharyngitis (6) |
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Definition
| EBV, HIV, epiglottitis (Hib), croup, diptheria, hand-foot-mouth disease (coxsackievirus A) |
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Term
| fever, pharyngitis, cervical lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, hepatitis; dx? |
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Definition
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Term
| pharyngitis + gray exudates that bleed when removed; dx? |
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Definition
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Term
| pharyngitis + subglottic mucosal swelling, no drooling; dx? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| humidified air, steroids, inhaled epinephrine |
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Term
| pharyngitis + sandpaper rash; dx? bug? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| complications of GAS tonsillopharyngitis (4) |
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Definition
| scarlet fever, peritonsillar and parapharyngeal abscesses, rheumatic fever, glomerulonephritis |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| when are scarlet fever pts noncontagious? |
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Definition
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Term
| what percentage of AOM is caused by bacteria? by virus? |
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Definition
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Term
| most common cause of bacterial AOM |
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Definition
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Term
| bacterial causes of AOM (3) and their targeted populations |
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Definition
| Strep pneumo: most common; H. influenza: older children, adults; GBS: neonates, infants |
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Term
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Definition
| RSV, adenovirus, rhinovirus |
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Term
| __% of infants have at least 1 episode of AOM by 1y; __% by 3yo |
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Definition
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Term
| risk factors for bacterial AOM (3) |
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Definition
| smoking, viral URI, day care |
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Term
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Definition
| infection of middle ear by obstruction of Eustachian tube or reflux of nasopharyngeal secretions |
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Term
| otoscopic findings in AOM |
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Definition
| erythema, bulging and immobile tympanic membrane, air fluid level, decreased light reflex |
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Term
| differential diagnosis for ear pain (3) |
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Definition
| myringitis, otitis externa, cholesteatoma |
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Term
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Definition
| hearing loss, mastoiditis, brain abscesses |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| what % of AOM resolves spontaneously? |
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Definition
| 70-90% resolve without antibiotic tx |
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Term
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Definition
| H. influenza, (S. aureus, S. pneumoniae) |
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Term
| drooling, inspiratory stridor, muffled voice; dx? |
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Definition
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Term
| management and tx for epiglottitis |
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Definition
| intubation to avoid airway obstruction, ampicillin+sulbactam |
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Term
| viral causes of pharyngitis |
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Definition
| CRRIPE: coronavirus, RSV, rhinovirus, influenza, parainfluenza, EBV (same viruses for rhinitis too, except for EBV) |
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