Term
| abductor digiti minimi (hand) |
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Definition
Origin: pisiform
Insertion: base of the proximal phalanx of the 5th digit on its ulnar side
Functions: abducts the 5th digit
Innervations: deep branch of the ulnar nerve
Artery: ulnar a. |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: flexor retinaculum, scaphoid, trapezium
Insertion: base of the proximal phalanx of the first digit
Function: abducts thumb
Innervation: recurrent branch of median nerve
Artery: superficial palmar br. of the radial a. |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: middle one-third of the posterior surface of the radius, interosseous membrane, mid-portion of posterolateral ulna
Insertion: radial side of the base of the first metacarpal
Function: abducts the thumb at carpometacarpal joint Innervation: radial nerve, deep branch
Artery: posterior interosseous a. |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: oblique head: capitate and base of the 2nd and 3rd metacarpals; transverse head: shaft of the 3rd metacarpal Insertion: base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb
Function: adducts the thumb
Innervation: ulnar nerve, deep branch
Artery: deep palmar arterial arch |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: lateral epicondyle of the humerus
Insertion: lateral side of the olecranon and the upper one-fourth of the ulna
Function: extends the forearm
Innervation:
nerve to anconeus, from the radial nerve
Artery: interosseous recurrent a. |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: short head: tip of the coracoid process of the scapula; long head: supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula Insertion: tuberosity of the radius
Function: flexes the forearm, flexes arm (long head), supinates
Innervation: musculocutaneous nerve (C5,6)
Artery: brachial a. |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: anterior surface of the lower one-half of the humerus and the associated intermuscular septa
Insertion: coronoid process of the ulna
Function: flexes the forearm
Innervation: musculocutaneous nerve (C5,6)
Artery: brachial a., radial recurrent a. |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: upper two-thirds of the lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus
Insertion: lateral side of the base of the styloid process of the radius
Function: flexes the elbow, assists in pronation & supination Innervation: radial nerve
Artery: radial recurrent a. |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: coracoid process of the scapula
Insertion: medial side of the humerus at mid-shaft
Function: flexes and adducts the arm
Innervation: musculocutaneous nerve (C5,6)
Innervation: brachial a. |
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Term
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Definition
Origin:lateral one-third of the clavicle, acromion, the lower lip of the crest of the spine of the scapula
Insertion: deltoid tuberosity of the humerus
Function: abducts arm; anterior fibers flex & medially rotate the arm; posterior fibers extend & laterally rotate the arm
Innervation: axillary nerve (C5,6) from the posterior cord of the brachial plexus
Artery: posterior circumflex humeral a. |
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Term
| extensor carpi radialis longus |
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Definition
Origin: lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus (common extensor tendon
Insertion: dorsum of the third metacarpal bone (base)
Function: extends the wrist; abducts the hand deep
Innervation: radial nerve
Artery: radial a. |
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Term
| extensor carpi radialis brevis |
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Definition
Origin: lower one-third of the lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus
Insertion: dorsum of the second metacarpal bone (base)
Function: extends the wrist; abducts the hand
Innervation: radial nerve
Artery: radial a. |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: common extensor tendon & the middle one-half of the posterior border of the ulna
Insertion: medial side of the base of the 5th metacarpal
Function: extends the wrist; adducts the hand
Innervation: deep radial nerve
Artery: ulnar a. |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: common extensor tendon (lateral epicondyle of the humerus)
Insertion: joins the extensor digitorum tendon to the 5th digit and inserts into the extensor expansion
Function: extends the metacarpophalangeal, proximal interphalangeal and distal interphalangeal joints of the 5th digit
Innervation: deep radial nerve
Artery: interosseous recurrent a. |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: common extensor tendon (lateral epicondyle of the humerus)
Insertion: extensor expansion of digits 2-5
Function: extends the metacarpophalangeal, proximal interphalangeal and distal interphalangeal joints of the 2nd-5th digits; extends wrist
Innervation: deep radial nerve
Artery: interosseous recurrent a. and posterior interosseous a. |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: interosseous membrane and the posterolateral surface of the distal ulna
Insertion: its tendon joins the tendon of the extensor digitorum to the second digit; both tendons insert into the extensor expansion
Function: extends the index finger at the metacarpophalangeal, proximal interphalangeal and distal interphalangeal joints
Innervation: deep radial nerve
Artery: posterior interosseous a |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: interosseous membrane and the posterior surface of the distal radius
Insertion: base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb
Function: extends the thumb at the metacarpophalangeal joint
Innervation: deep radial nerve
Artery: posterior interosseous a |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: interosseous membrane and middle part of the posterolateral surface of the ulna
Insertion: base of the distal phalanx of the thumb
Function: extends the thumb at the interphalangeal joint Innervation: deep radial nerve
Artery: posterior interosseous a |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: common flexor tendon from the medial epicondyle of the humerus
Insertion: base of the second and third metacarpals
Function: flexes the wrist, abducts the hand
Innervation: median nerve
Artery: ulnar a. |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: common flexor tendon & (ulnar head) from medial border of olecranon & upper 2/3 of the posterior border of the ulna
Insertion: pisiform, hook of hamate, and base of 5th metacarpal
Function: flexes wrist, adducts hand
Innervation: ulnar nerve
Artery: ulnar a. |
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Term
| flexor digiti minimi brevis (hand) |
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Definition
Origin: hook of hamate & the flexor retinaculum
Insertion: proximal phalanx of the 5th digit
Function: flexes the carpometacarpal and metacarpophalangeal joints of the 5th digit
Innervation: ulnar nerve, deep branch
Artery: ulnar a. |
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Term
| flexor digitorum profundus |
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Definition
Origin: posterior border of the ulna, proximal two-thirds of medial border of ulna, interosseous membrane
Insertion: base of the distal phalanx of digits 2-5
Function: flexes the metacarpophalangeal, proximal interphalangeal and distal interphalangeal joints
Innervation: median nerve (radial one-half); ulnar nerve (ulnar one-half)
Artery: ulnar a., anterior interosseous a. |
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Term
| flexor digitorum superficialis |
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Definition
Origin: humeroulnar head: common flexor tendon; radial head: middle 1/3 of radius
Insertion: shafts of the middle phalanges of digits 2-5
Function: flexes the metacarpophalangeal and proximal interphalangeal joints
Innervation: median nerve
Artery: ulnar a. |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: flexor retinaculum, trapezium
Insertion: proximal phalanx of the 1st digit
Function: flexes the carpometacarpal and metacarpophalangeal joints of the thumb
Innervation: recurrent branch of the median nerve Artery: superficial palmar br. of the radial a. |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: anterior surface of radius and interosseous membrane
Insertion: base of the distal phalanx of the thumb
Function: flexes the metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joints of the thumb
Innervation: median nerve
Artery: anterior interosseous a. |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: infraspinatous fossa
Insertion: greater tubercle of the humerus (middle facet)
Function: laterally rotates the arm
Innervation: suprascapular nerve
Artery: suprascapular a. |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: vertebral spines from T7 to the sacrum, posterior third of the iliac crest, lower 3 or 4 ribs, sometimes from the inferior angle of the scapula
Insertion: floor of the intertubercular groove
Function: extends the arm and rotates the arm medially Innervation: thoracodorsal nerve (C7,8) from the posterior cord of the brachial plexus
Artery: thoracodorsal a. |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: transverse processes of C1-C4 vertebrae
Insertion: medial border of the scapula from the superior angle to the spineFunction: elevates the scapula
Innervation: dorsal scapular nerve (C5); the upper part of the muscle receives branches of C3 & C4
Artery: dorsal scapular a. |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: common flexor tendon, from the medial epicondyle of the humerus
Insertion: palmar aponeurosis
Function: flexes the wrist
Innervation: median nerve
Artery: ulnar a. |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: medial 1/2 of the clavicle, manubrium & body of sternum, costal cartilages of ribs 2-6, sometimes from the rectus sheath of the upper abdominal wall
Insertion: crest of the greater tubercle of the humerus
Function: flexes and adducts the arm, medially rotates the arm
Innervation: medial and lateral pectoral nerves (C5-T1)
Artery: pectoral branch of the thoracoacromial trunk |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: ribs 3-5
Insertion: coracoid process of the scapula
Function: draws the scapula forward, medialward, and downward
Innervation: medial pectoral nerve (C8, T1)
Artery: pectoral branch of the thoracoacromial trunk |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: medial side of the anterior surface of the distal one-fourth of the ulna
Insertion: anterior surface of the distal one-fourth of the radius
Function: pronates the forearm
Innervation: median nerve via the anterior interosseous nerve Artery: anterior interosseous a. |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: common flexor tendon and (deep or ulnar head) from medial side of coronoid process of the ulna
Insertion: midpoint of the lateral side of the shaft of the radius
Function: pronates the forearm
Innervation: median nerve
Artery: ulnar a., anterior ulnar recurrent a. |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: spines of vertebrae T2-T5
Insertion: medial border of the scapula inferior to the spine of the scapula
Function: retracts, elevates and rotates the scapula inferiorly Innervation: dorsal scapular nerve (C5)
Artery: dorsal scapular a. |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: inferior end of the ligamentum nuchae, spines of vertebrae C7 and T1
Insertion: medial border of the scapula at the root of the spine of the scapula
Function: retracts, elevates and rotates the scapula inferiorly Innervation: dorsal scapular nerve (C5)
Artery: dorsal scapular a |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: ribs 1-8 or 9
Insertion: medial border of the scapula on its costal (deep) surface
Function: it draws the scapula forward; the inferior fibers rotate the scapula superiorly
Innervation: long thoracic nerve (from ventral rami C5-C7) Artery: lateral thoracic a. |
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Term
| serratus posterior inferior |
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Definition
Origin: thoracolumbar fascia, spines of vertebrae T11-T12 and L1-L2
Insertion: ribs 9-12, lateral to the angles
Function: pulls down lower ribs
Innervation: branches of the ventral primary rami of spinal nerves T9-T12
Artery: lowest posterior intercostal a., subcostal a., first two lumbar aa. |
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Term
| serratus posterior superior |
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Definition
Origin: ligamentum nuchae, spines of vertebrae C7 and T1-T3
Insertion: ribs 1-4, lateral to the angles
Function: elevates the upper ribs
Innervation: branches of the ventral primary rami of spinal nerves T1-T4
Artery: posterior intercostal aa. 1-4 |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: first rib and its cartilage
Insertion: inferior surface of the clavicle
Function: draws the clavicle (and hence the shoulder) down and forward
Innervation: nerve to subclavius (C5)
Artery: clavicular br. of the thoracoacromial trunk |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: medial two-thirds of the costal surface of the scapula (subscapular fossa)
Insertion: lesser tubercle of the humerus
Function: medially rotates the arm; assists extention of the arm
Innervation: upper and lower subscapular nerves (C5,6) Artery: subscapular a. |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: lateral epicondyle of the humerus, supinator crest & fossa of the ulna, radial collateral ligament, annular ligament Insertion: lateral side of proximal one-third of the radius
Function: supinates the forearm
Innervation: deep radial nerve
Artery: recurrent interosseous a. |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: supraspinatous fossa
Insertion: greater tubercle of the humerus (highest facet)
Function: abducts the arm (initiates abduction)
Innervation: supra scapular nerve (C5,6) from the superior trunk of the brachial plexus
Artery: suprascapular a. |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: dorsal surface of the inferior angle of the scapula Insertion: crest of the lesser tubercle of the humerus
Function: adducts the arm, medially rotates the arm, assists in arm extension
Innervation: lower subscapular nerve (C5,6) from the posterior cord of the brachial plexus
Artery: circumflex scapular a. |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: upper 2/3 of the lateral border of the scapula Insertion: greater tubercle of the humerus (lowest facet)
Function: laterally rotates the arm
Innervation: axillary nerve (C5,6) from the posterior cord of the brachial plexus
Artery: circumflex scapular a. |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: medial third of the superior nuchal line, external occipital protuberance, ligamentum nuchae, spinous processes of vertebrae C7-T12
Insertion: lateral third of the clavicle, medial side of the acromion and the upper crest of the scapular spine, tubercle of the scapular spine
Function: elevates and depresses the scapula (depending on which part of the muscle contracts); rotates the scapula superiorly; retracts scapula
Innervation: motor: spinal accessory (XI), proprioception: C3-C4
Artery: transverse cervical a. |
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Term
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Definition
Origin:
long head: infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula;
lateral head: posterolateral humerus & lateral intermuscular septum; medial head: posteromedial surface of the inferior 1/2 of the humerus
Insertion: olecranon process of the ulna
Function: extends the forearm; the long head extends and adducts arm
Innervation: radial nerve
Artery: deep brachial (profunda brachii) a. |
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