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Upper Limb
Final Study Guide
104
Other
Graduate
03/19/2011

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Term
How many interphalangeal joints are found in one upper limb?
Definition
9
Term
Each proximal phalanx articulates with a:
Definition
Metacarpal
Term
Which bones comprise the palm of the hand?
Definition
Metacarpals
Term
Which joint is formed by the articulation of the proximal end of the middle phalanx with the distal end of the proximal phalanx of the ring finger?
Definition
The proximal interphalangeal joint of the fourth digit.
Term
Which joint is formed by the articulation of the distal end of the middle phalanx with the proximal end of the distal phalanx of the index finger?
Definition
The distal interphalangeal joint of the second digit.
Term
Which joint is a hinge-type joint?
Definition
Interphalangeal
Term
How many metacarpal bones are found in one upper limb?
Definition
5
Term
Which of the following articulates with the bases of metacarpal bones?
Definition
Carpals
Term
Which joint of the hand is formed by the articulation of the head of a metacarpal with a digit?
Definition
Metacarpophalangeal
Term
Which joints of the hand are formed by the articulation of the bases of the metacarpals with the bones of the wrist?
Definition
Carpometacarpals
Term
Which joint is a condyloid joint?
Definition
Metacarpophalangeal
Term
Which articulation of the upper limb is a saddle joint that allows the thumb to oppose the fingers?
Definition
First Carpometacarpal
Term
Which bones are located in the proximal row of the wrist?
Definition
Scaphoid, Lunate,pisiform, and triquetrium
Term
Which bones are located in the distal row of the wrist?
Definition
Hamate, capitate, trapezium, and trapezoid
Term
Where in the wrist is the scaphoid located?
Definition
Lateral side of the proximal row.
Term
Where in the wrist is the trapezium located?
Definition
Lateral side of the distal row.
Term
Where in the wrist is the hamate located?
Definition
Medial side of the distal row.
Term
What other name refers to the carpal bone known as the hamate?
Definition
unciform
Term
What other name refers to the carpal bone known as the capitate?
Definition
Os magnum
Term
What other name refers to the carpal bone known as the triquetrium?
Definition
Cuneiform
Term
What other name refers to the carpal bone known as the trapezium?
Definition
Greater multangular
Term
What other name refers to the carpal bone known as the trapezoid?
Definition
Lesser multangular
Term
What carpal bone has only one name?
Definition
Pisiform
Term
Which bone classification are carpal bones?
Definition
Short
Term
Which bones are classified as short bones?
Definition
Carpals
Term
Which joint is the most distal articulation of the wrist?
Definition
Carpometacarpal
Term
Which joint is the most proximal articulation of the wrist?
Definition
Radiocarpal
Term
Which two carpal bones are the most lateral bones of the wrist?
Definition
Scaphoid and trapezium
Term
Between which two bones is the lunate situated?
Definition
Triquetrium and scaphoid
Term
What other name refers to the carpal bone known as the scaphoid?
Definition
Navicular
Term
Which carpal bone does not articulate with the radius?
Definition
Capitate
Term
which bony structures are located on the proximal end of the ulna?
Definition
Radial notch, olecranon process, and coronoid process.
Term
Which bony structures are located on the distal end of the ulna?
Definition
Ulnar head and styloid process
Term
Which bony structure is located on the distal end of the radius?
Definition
Styloid process
Term
Which bony structures are located on the proximal radius?
Definition
Head and tubercle
Term
Which bones comprise the forearm?
Definition
Radius and ulna
Term
Which structure is located on the lateral aspect of the distal forearm?
Definition
Radial Styloid process
Term
Which large bony process is easily located by touching on the posterior aspect of the proximal forearm?
Definition
Olecranon Process
Term
Which structure is located on the medial side of the distal forearm?
Definition
Ulnar styloid process
Term
Which two structures unite to form the trochlear notch?
Definition
Coronoid process and olecranon process
Term
Where is the trochlear notch located?
Definition
Proximal ulna
Term
Which 2 structures articulate to form the proximal radioulnar joint?
Definition
Head of the radius and radial notch of the ulna
Term
Which 2 structures articulate to form the distal radioulnar joint?
Definition
head of the ulna and ulnar notch of radius
Term
Which articulation do the trochlea and the trochlear notch form?
Definition
Humeroulnar
Term
Which structure articulates with the capitulum?
Definition
Radial Head
Term
Which structure articulates with the capitulum?
Definition
Proximal radius
Term
Which structure articulates with the trochlea?
Definition
Proximal ulna
Term
Which structure articulates with the trochlear notch?
Definition
Trochlea
Term
Which joint classification is the elbow?
Definition
Diarthrodial
Term
In which joint is the capitulum located?
Definition
Elbow
Term
In which joint is the trochlea located?
Definition
Elbow
Term
In which joint is the trochlear notch located?
Definition
Elbow
Term
Which type of joint is the elbow?
Definition
Hinge
Term
Where is the capitulum located?
Definition
Lateral side of distal humerus
Term
With reference from the trochlea, where is the capitulum located?
Definition
Lateral
Term
What is the roughened process of the humerus superior to the intertubercular groove?
Definition
Greater Tubercle
Term
Which bony process is located on the anterior surface of the proximal humerus?
Definition
Lesser tubercle
Term
Which structure articulates with the ulna to form the humeroulnar joint?
Definition
Trochlea
Term
How many articulations does the humerus have?
Definition
3
Term
Which structure articulates with the radius to form the humeroradial joint?
Definition
capitulum
Term
Which depression is located on the anterior surface of the distal humerus?
Definition
coronoid fossa
Term
Which depression is located on the posterior surface of the distal humerus?
Definition
Olecranon fossa
Term
Which depression is located between the lesser and greater tubercles of the proximal humerus?
Definition
Bicipital groove
Term
Which digit of the hand produces the greatest object-to-image receptor distance (OID) in the lateral projection of that digit?
Definition
Ring Finger
Term
For latera projections of the second through fifth digits of the hand, through which joint should the central ray be directed?
Definition
Proximal interphalangeal joint (PIP)
Term
For the prone position, how many degrees should a finger be rotated for the PA oblique projection of that finger?
Definition
45*
Term
Which digit of the hand produces the least OID in the lateral projection of that digit?
Definition
Index finger
Term
How should the hand be positioned for the PA medial oblique projection of the hand?
Definition
From the prone position, rotate the hand radial side up.
Term
What is the centering point for the central ray for the PA projection of the third finger?
Definition
Proximal interphalangeal joint of third digit
Term
From the prone position, how many degrees should a finger be rotated for the lateral projection of that finger?
Definition
90*
Term
For the PA projection of the hand, where should the CR be directed?
Definition
Third Metacarpophalangeal joint
Term
From the prone position, how many degrees should a hand be rotated for the PA oblique projection of that hand?
Definition
45*
Term
Which wrist-positioning maneuver opens the carpal interspaces on the lateral side of the wrist?
Definition
Ulnar deviation
Term
Which wrist projection requires that the IR be inclined toward the elbow at an angle of 20* from horizontal?
Definition
PA axial (Stecher method)
Term
Which projection of the wrist corrects foreshortening of the scaphoid carpal bone?
Definition
PA with ulnar deviation
Term
In which projection of the upper limb is the fourth digit of the hand not parallel with the IR?
a. PA projection of the hand
b. PA projection of the wrist
c. lateral projection of the fourth digit
d. PA oblique projection of the fourth digit.
Definition
PA projection of the wrist
Term
Which projection of the wrist requires that the radial styloid process be superimposed over the ulnar styloid process?
Definition
Lateral
Term
For the PA projection of the wrist, which positioning maneuver should be used to place the anterior surface of the wrist in contact with the IR?
Definition
Slightly arch the hand
Term
For the PA projection of the wrist, which positioning maneuver should be used to place the anterior surface of the wrist in contact with the IR?
Definition
Slightly arch the hand
Term
For the PA projection of the wrist, which positioning maneuver should be used to place the anterior surface of the wrist in contact with the IR?
Definition
Slightly arch the hand
Term
For the PA projection of the wrist, which positioning maneuver should be used to place the anterior surface of the wrist in contact with the IR?
Definition
Slightly arch the hand
Term
For the PA projection of the wrist, which positioning maneuver should be used to place the anterior surface of the wrist in contact with the IR?
Definition
Slightly arch the hand
Term
How should the hand and wrist be positioned for the PA oblique projection of the wrist?
Definition
With the hand pronated, rotate the wrist ulnar side up.
Term
Which projection of the wrist best demonstrates the scaphoid carpal bone and its related articulations?
Definition
Ulnar deviation projection
Term
How should the hand be positioned for the AP projection and for the lateral projection of the forearm?
Definition
Hand supinated; hand lateral
Term
Which description best explains how radial crossover occurs when the forearm is demonsrated?
Definition
During the AP projection, the hand is pronated.
Term
For the AP projection of the forearm, which positioning step should be taken to prevent radial crossover?
Definition
Supinate the hand
Term
In which projection of the upper limb is radial crossover a primary concern?
Definition
AP projection of the forearm
Term
Which projection of the forearm requires that the elbow be flexed 90*?
Definition
Lateral
Term
When performing a radiograph of a forearm in a fiberglass cast, approximately which compensataion to exposure technique should occur?
Definition
Increase mAs 25% or 4 kVp
Term
How much should the elbow be flexed for the lateral projection of the elbow?
Definition
90*
Term
Which projection of the elbow best demonstrates the radial head free of bony superimposition?
Definition
AP Lateral Oblique
Term
With reference to the plane of the IR, how should the humeral edpiconylar coronal plane be positioned for the lateral projection of the elbow?
Definition
Perpendicular
Term
Which oblique projection of the upper limb best demonstrates the radial head free of bony superimposition?
Definition
AP lateral oblique of the elbow
Term
Which oblique projection of the upper limb best demonstrates the radial head superimposed over the ulna?
Definition
AP medial oblique of the elbow
Term
With reference to the plane of the IR, how should the humeral epicondylar coronal plane be positioned for the AP projection of the elbow?
Definition
Parallel
Term
Which projection of the elbow best demonstrates the olecranon process in profile?
Definition
Lateral Projection
Term
Which projection of the elbow best demonstrates the olecranon process within the olecranon fossa and the coronoid process in profile?
Definition
AP medial oblique projection
Term
When examining the image of the AP projection of the humerus, what determines the accuracy of the position?
Definition
The placement of the epicondyles
Term
Which positioning characteristic best indicates that the humerus is properly positioned for the AP projection of the humerus?
Definition
The humeral epicondylar coronal plane is parallel to the IR
Term
Which evaluation criterion indicates that the humerus was properly positioned for the AP projection?
Definition
The humeral head and greater tubercle are both seen in profile.
Term
One way that the lateral radiograph of a humerus, produced with the patient in the lateral decubitus position and the IR places between the arm and thorax, appears different from the lateral position with the patient standing is that former demonstrates:
Definition
Less than the entire humerus.
Term
With reference to the plane of the IR, how is it determined that the humerus is properly positioned in true lateral position?
Definition
The humeral epicondylar coronal plane is perpendicular.
Term
Which evaluation criterion indicates that the humerus was properly positioned for the lateral projection?
Definition
The lesser tubercle is seen in profile.
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