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Upper limb review
Upper limb review Qs derived from BRS anatomy
16
Anatomy
Post-Graduate
04/01/2008

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Cards

Term
What does the greater trochanter of the femur provide insertion for?
Definition
Gluteus medius, minimus, piriformis and obturator internus
Term
What does the lesser trochanter provide an insertion for?
Definition
Iliopsoas tendon
Term
What is Pott's fracture?
Definition
It is a fracture of the lower end of the fibula, often accompanied by fracture of the medial malleolus or rupture of the deltoid ligament. It is caused by forced eversion of the foot.
Term
What might be injured in a fracture of the fibular neck?
Definition
Such a fracture may cause an injury to the common peroneal nerve, which winds lateraly around the neck of the fibula. This injury results in paralysis of all muscles in the anterior and lateral compartments of the leg (dorsiflexors and evertors of the foot), causing foot drop.
Term
What is coxa valga?
Definition
It is an alteration of the angle made by the axis of the femoral neck to the axis of the femoral shaft so that the angle exceeds 135 degrees, and thus the femoral neck beomes straighter
Term
What is coxa vara?
Definition
It is an alteration of the angle made by the axis of the femoral shaft so that the angle is less than 135 degrees, and thus the femoral neck becomes more horizontal.
Term
What is the iliofemoral ligament?
Definition

It is the largest and most important ligament that reinforces the fibrous capsule of the hip joint anteriorly and is in the form of an inverted Y.

 

It is attached proximally to the anterior-inferior ilical spine and the acetabular rim and distally to the intertrochanteric line and the front of the greater trochanter of the femur.

 

Resists hyperextension and lateral rotation at the hip joint during standing. 

Term

What is the lateral and medial sacral arteries branches of?

 

What is the obturator artery a branch of? 

Definition

Deep femoral artery

Internal iliac artery 

Term
Although the knee joint resembles a hinge joint, it is in fact not. What kind of joint is it?
Definition
It is a condylar type of synovial joint. In addition, it includes a saddle joint between the femur and the patella
Term
What is the anterior cruciate ligament?
Definition

IT arises from the anterior intercondylar area of the tibia and passes upward, backward and laterally to insert into the medial surface of hte lateral femoral condyle.

 

It prevents forward sliding of hte tibia on the femur (or posterior displacement of the femur on the tibia). It prevents hpyer extension of the knee joint.

 

It is taut during extension. 

Term
What is the PCL?
Definition

Arises from the posterior intercondylar area of the tibia and passes upward, forward, and medially to insert into the lateral surface of ht emedial femoral condyle.

 

Prevents backward sliding of the tibia on the femur (or anterior displacement of the femur on the tibia) and limits hyperflexion of the knee.

 

It is taut during flextion and lax during extension. 

Term
What is Drawer sign?
Definition

Anterior Drawer sign is a forward sliding of the tibia onto the femur due to rupture of the ACL.

 

Posterior Drawer sign is a backward sliding of the tibia onto the femur due to rupture of the PCL. 

Term
Which tears more frequently: the medial or lateral meniscus?
Definition
The medial meniscus tears more frequently due to its attachment to the tibial collateral ligament.
Term
What is the unhappy triad?
Definition

Occurs when a football player's cleated shoe is planted in the turf and the knee is struck from the lateral side.

 

Results in rupture of the tibial collateral ligament due to excessive abduction, tearing of the ACL due to forward displacement of the tibia and injury to the medial meniscus due to its attachment to the tibial collateral ligament. 

Term
What is the patellar endon reflex?
Definition
Tap on the patellar tendon elicits extension of the knee joint. Both afferent and efferent limbs of the reflex are in the femoral nerve (L2-L4).
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