Term
|
Definition
| morphology reflects _____ |
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Term
increased mineral content
better(more re-enforced) muscle attachment. |
|
Definition
| people who are active at a young age(exercise) show what differences in bone structure? (2) |
|
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Term
| when the long bones set/fuse ~age 31 |
|
Definition
| at what age (when) is the potential to modify the skeleton lost? |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| at what age does the humerus epiphyses fuse? |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| at what age does the last fused bone fuse, and what bone is it? |
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Term
1. cover joint surfaces
2. absorb shock
3. provide relatively frictionless surface |
|
Definition
| what are the 3 functions of hyaline cartilage in (synovial) joints? |
|
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Term
cracking, chipping, wearing of cartilage,
uncovered bone(which is very sensitive) or cartilage spurs lodged in the joint |
|
Definition
| what results when articular cartilage degenerates with age? and why does this cause pain? |
|
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Term
| the patient may have been arthritic |
|
Definition
| what does an unsmoothe surface on the top of a bone (post mortum for example) |
|
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Term
| outer fibrous capsule, synovial membrane, synovial cavity filled with fluid, articular cartilage, articular capsule (sometimes articular disc too) |
|
Definition
| what are the components of a synovial joint? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| what creates synovial fluid? |
|
|
Term
| similar to blood plasma, with the addition of hyaluronic acid which makes is viscous (oil-like) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| provides nutrients to articular cartilage, and lubricates the joint to reduce friction |
|
Definition
| list the two main functions of synovial fluid |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| sacs of synovial fluid that are located outside of the joint |
|
|
Term
intrinsic: form part of joint capsule or located inside joint.
extrinsic: ligaments located outside the joint capsule |
|
Definition
| intrinsic ligament, what is it? extrinsic? |
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Term
| the end of a long bone, initially separated from the shaft (diaphysis) by a section of cartilage that eventually ossifies so that the two portions fuse together |
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Definition
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|
Term
1. they move more due to their high metabolic rate(warm blooded)
2. they move quicker
3. they grow into adult size quickly |
|
Definition
| what are 3 reasons why mammals and birds have an epiphyseal plate/epiphysis? |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| allows for precision during growth process, hard precise joint surface |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| what is contained in the synovial cavity? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| lengthening of the diaphesis occurs here |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| grows initially on all surfaces of bones, subsequently only grows on surfaces facing the epiphyseal plate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| what are the secondary centers of growth in bones |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| what is another name for the shaft of the bone |
|
|
Term
| when the fusion of the epiphyseal plate occurs |
|
Definition
| when does long bone growth end? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| what bone structure allows for rapid complex movements? |
|
|
Term
| dislocated (muscles can snap them) |
|
Definition
| part of the clinical significance of epiphyses is that they can be _______ prior to fusion |
|
|
Term
made from fibrocartilage, allows a good range of movement and allows the bone surface to adapt to movement
(This separation of the cavity space allows for separate movements to occur in each space.
The presence of an articular disk also permits a more even distribution of forces between the articulating surfaces of bones, increases the stability of the joint, and aids in directing the flow of synovial fluid to areas of the articular cartilage that experience the most friction.) |
|
Definition
| what is the function of the articular disc? and what is it made from? |
|
|
Term
| sternoclavicular joint (it is also supported by muscles) |
|
Definition
| what is the only bony joint connecting the pectoral girdle to the axial skeleton? |
|
|
Term
| a conceptual joint between the scapula and axial skeleton, maintained by muscles only |
|
Definition
| what is the scapulothoracic joint? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| you are viewing it from below (looking up from the feet to the head) |
|
Definition
| if you are looking at a right clavicle and the S is going the correct direction (not backwards) which side are you viewing it from? |
|
|
Term
| concave lateral, convex medial |
|
Definition
| the clavicle is _______ forward at the lateral end, and _______ forward at the medial end (concave/convex) |
|
|
Term
1) as a strut
2) transmits shock from upper limb to axial skeleton |
|
Definition
| what are the 2 main functions of the clavicle? |
|
|
Term
| holds the upper limb out and away from the thoracic wall |
|
Definition
| what does the clavicle do as a "strut" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| what does the clavicle articulate with at the medial end? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| what is the name of the joint at the lateral end of the clavicle? |
|
|
Term
| between the middle 2/3 and lateral 1/3 |
|
Definition
| where are fractions common in the clavicle |
|
|
Term
| lateral fragment drops with the weight of the arm, because medial rotators are stronger than lateral rotators |
|
Definition
| what is the result of a fracture in the clavicle? why? |
|
|
Term
| pressure on a bone causes the bone to be resorbed. In other words the law that skeletal transformation is dependent on the exertion of pressures from outside the animal. |
|
Definition
| Wolff's law states ______? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| what ribs does the scapula overly? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| what side of the body is the subscapular fossa on? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| what side of the body is the supraspinous fossa of the scapula? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| what side of the body is the infraspinous fossa on? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| what side of the body is the spine of the scapula on? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| what is the expanded lateral end of the scapular spine called? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| what side of the body is the coracoid process of the scapula on? |
|
|
Term
| the joint between the scapula and the head of the humerus |
|
Definition
| what forms the glenoid cavity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| what is a muscle scar for the attachment of the long head of the triceps? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| where is the anatomical neck of the humerus? |
|
|
Term
| greater and lesser tubercle |
|
Definition
| where on the humerus is the site of rotator cuff attachment? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is the greater tubercle more lateral or more medial than the lesser tubercle? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| where is the deltoid tuberosity of the humerus? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| where is the radial groove of the humerus? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| what is the surface of articulation with the radius on the humerus? is it located more lateral or medial in anatomical position? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| what part of the humerus associates with the ulna? |
|
|
Term
| it is a common fracture site resulting from falling and catching oneself with the elbow Abducted |
|
Definition
| what is the clinical significance of the surgical neck of the humerus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| where do the forearm flexors attach to the humerus? |
|
|
Term
| supinated (on back with palms up, thumbs out) cadavers have pronated wrists (palms down) |
|
Definition
| is the anatomical position, and how do cadavers vary from this? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is the radial groove on the anterior, lateral, or posterior side? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is the deltoid tuberosity on the anterior, lateral, or posterior side? |
|
|
Term
| you cannot extend the wrist and fingers |
|
Definition
| what are the clinical findings with wrist drop? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| what can damage to the radial nerve cause |
|
|
Term
| radial nerve, if trapped & damaged can cause wrist drop |
|
Definition
| what nerve do you worry about when the arm breaks? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| what finger is closest to the styloid process of the ulna? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| what bones does the ulna articulate with in the wrist? |
|
|
Term
| proximal part of the ulna (sits on top) where the triceps attach |
|
Definition
| where/what is the olecranon? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| where is the coronoid process? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| what kind of joint is between the ulna and humerus? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| where is the tuberosity of the ulna? |
|
|
Term
| brachialis, it is a powerful elbow flexor |
|
Definition
| what attaches to the tuberosity of the ulna? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| what wrist bones does the radius articulate with? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| which styloid process extends further? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| what finger is the styloid process of the radius nearby? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| if the sytloid process of the radius shifts proximally, what could this indicate? |
|
|
Term
| proximal, anterior side of radius |
|
Definition
| where is the radial tuberosity? |
|
|
Term
rotation during pronation and supination
anterior posterior movement during elbow flexion and extension |
|
Definition
| what are the movements of the radius? |
|
|
Term
| subluxing is pulling a joint apart, dislocating is pulling a joint apart and moving it so the bones are not aligned |
|
Definition
| what is the difference between subluxing and dislocating? |
|
|
Term
| their radius is pulled down out of the annular ligament (subluxed) when the child's arm is pronated |
|
Definition
| what happens to a child antomically when they get Nurse maid's elbow? |
|
|
Term
| A) humerus, B) olecranon fossa, C) lateral epicondyle, D) capitulum, E) capitulum-radial joint, F) radial head, G) neck of radius, H) radial tuberosity, I) coronoid, J) medial trochlea, K) medial epicondyle. On the right, a coronal CT slice demonstrates the olecranon process of the ulna within the olecranon fossa of the distal humerus (M) and the coronoid process articulating on the trochlear (L). |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| sesamoid, meaning it is embedded in tendon for mechanical advantage |
|
Definition
| what type of bone is the pisiform bone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| what hand bone has a hook? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| what bone is right next to the thumb? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| muscle that does the intended movement |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| muscle that lengthens when the other muscle contracts to help control movement |
|
|
Term
| when a muscle is injured, the other muscle causes the arm, for example, to curl up due to muscle tone (continuous contraction in the absence of a stimulus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| they hold one part of a joint in place to help stabilize it |
|
Definition
| what are fixators/stabilizers |
|
|
Term
| trapezium, trapezoid, capitate |
|
Definition
| what bones does the second metacarple articulate with? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| what bones does the capitate articulate with? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| which metacarple is the largest? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| which wrist bone is the largest? |
|
|
Term
| {imagehttp://t3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcRlZLYjBV7nKVCu4OppT3E7SZjK74pfIpIT8KujKRkxXhqtPeOSuQ|center} |
|
Definition
| label this image (the wrist bones) |
|
|
Term
| base is more proximal, head is more distal |
|
Definition
| is the base or the head of a metacarple more proximal? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| what is a single phalanges called? |
|
|
Term
| 3 (proximal, middle, distal), thumb has proximal and distal |
|
Definition
| how many phalanges do digets II-V have? digit I? |
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