Term
|
Definition
| The two alleles for a trait segregate from each other, and appear at equal frequency in the gametes of an individual |
|
|
Term
| Exceptions to mendel's 1st law |
|
Definition
•Reduced/enhanced fitness
•Incomplete penetrance
•Variable expressivity
•Incomplete dominance/codominance
|
|
|
Term
| How to find mode of inheritance of a new mutation |
|
Definition
- start with true breeding wild type and mutant type
- breed wild type females to mutant males and vice versa
- predict possible outcomes and determine which your data fit
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the alleles for one trait segregate independently from the alleles for a second trait |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| traits governed by 2+ genes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
wild type crossed with double mutant-->F1 wild type-->cross with double mutant
- if F2 ratio is 1:1:1:1 then alleles are on different chromosomes
- if F2 ratio is 1:1:0:0 then alleles are linked on same chromosome
|
|
|
Term
| Types of genetic mutations |
|
Definition
point
chromosome rearrangements
chromosome segregation errors during meiosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
one base pair change
can be induced by EMS |
|
|
Term
| Chromosomal rearrangements |
|
Definition
deletion, duplication, inversion, translocation
can be induced by ionizing radiation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
causes aneuploidy
trisomy= 3 copies
monosomy= 1 copy
either lack of separation between homologous chromosomes in meiosis 1, or of sister chromatids in meiosis 2 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
results from fertilization of gametes in which nondisjunction occured
offspring have abnormal number of a particular chromosome |
|
|
Term
| How Chromosome evolution ocurs |
|
Definition
| fusions, fissions, transpositions, deletions, inversions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sugar phosphate + base-->nucleotide |
|
|
