• 2 or more forms of an element that have difference physical or chemical properties
• two forms must be in same state of matter
• diff. properties caused by dif arrangements of atoms 

Can be modified by synthesizing material with other elements or compounds at molecular level

• Solid combo of 2 or more metal elements
• considered a solid solution
• one way of modifying properties of an element

• elements that are less conductive than metals but still have some conductive properties
• silicon, geranium, tine, gallium arsenide, cadmium sulfide
• silicon=most common semiconductor, found in most electronics

adding impurities to pure forms of semiconductors in order to increase their conductive properties

• paints, varnishes, and shellacs
• applied late in manufacturing process
• 3 components: pigment, solvent, and resin

• used in coatings
• provides color

• used in coating
• allows application in liquid form

• provides the desirable protective properties
• used in coating

• newest form of coating technology
• solvent removed and pigment and resin are applied in powder form using spray guns and electricity

• uses direct current electricity to cause REDOX reaction
• used to coat surface of material using chem bonds
• generally known as electroplating
• ex: steal chrome on cars

• distinguished by very small thickness on a surface
• may only be 1 0r 2 atoms/molecules thick
• used in optic and electronic applications
• ex: UV protective film

• a conductor through which electricity enters/leaves and object, substance, or region

• The location at which oxidation is occurring
• known as positive electrode

• location at which reduction is occurring
• known as negative electrode