Term
| Four main elements used in biological life? |
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Definition
| Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Carbon |
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Term
| What are Intramolecular Forces |
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Definition
- chemical bonding between atoms or molecules
- requires 100kJ/mole to break bond
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Term
| What are Intermolecular Forces? |
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Definition
- physical bonds which hold atoms or molecules togeather
- requires 10kJ/mole to break bond
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Term
| What functional group is located on saturated hydrocarbons? |
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Definition
| no functional group and are therefore not reactive |
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Term
| What functional group is located on alcohols |
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Definition
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Term
| What functional group is located on amines? |
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Definition
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Term
| What functional group is located on carboxylic acids? |
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Definition
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Term
| What functional group is located on amino acids? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
linkages formed when two alcohols link
[image]
C-O-C (mollecular) |
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Term
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Definition
linkages created between alcohols and carboxylic acids[image]
O-C-O (mollecular) |
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Term
| What are phosphate ester linkages? |
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Definition
linkages formed between alcohol and phosphoric acid[image]
O-P-O (molecular) |
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Term
| What are peptide or amide linkages? |
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Definition
formed between two amino acids or amino acid and carboxylic acid[image]
C-O-N-H (mollecular) |
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Term
| What are condensation reactions? |
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Definition
- When two molecules form to make a larger one and water
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Term
| What are hydrolysis reactions |
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Definition
- When a molecule splits into two smaller molecules when water is added
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Term
| What is the main function of an enzyme |
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Definition
- to accelerate certain chemcial reactions by reducing the amount of activation energy needed
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Term
| What two ways do enzymes work? |
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Definition
- Lock and key theory: enzyme acts as key and fits perfectly into substrate therefore one enzyme = one substrate
- Induced fit theory: a substrate forces an enzyme to change its shape to fit its "lock" therefore one substrate = multiple enzymes
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Term
| What are the two types of energy? |
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Definition
- Kinetic - energy passed by moving objects
- Potential - stored energy i.e. ATP
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Term
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Definition
the study of cells and energy |
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Term
| What does all life strive to do? |
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Definition
- use the least amount of energy possible
- use energy as efficiently as possible
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Term
| What is the difference between Exergonic and Endergonic reactions? |
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Definition
- Exergonic reactions: energy is released
- Endergonic reactions: energy is abosrobed
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Term
| What is the difference between reduction and oxidation? |
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Definition
- reduction: chemical reaction where an atom gains an electron
- oxidation: chemical reaction where an atoms loses an electron
- redox reaction: chemical reaction where electrons are exchanged
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Term
| What are the first two laws of thermodynamics? |
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Definition
- Free energy can be changed from one form to another but never destroyed
- entropy increases with every chemcial reaction
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Term
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Definition
- the measure of randomness/disorder in the universe
- energy is not avalible for work
- constantly battling entropy to survive
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Term
| What are the main functions of lipids? |
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Definition
- protection
- signalling molecules
- structure
- secondary energy source
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Term
| What are the 4 families of lipids? |
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Definition
- Fats
- Phosopholipids
- Sterols
- Waxes
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Term
| What are proteins made up of and what do they do? |
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Definition
Proteins are made up of a series of amino acids and are used for structure, transportation, and catalyze enzymes |
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Term
| What are the four levels of structure in proteins? |
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Definition
- Primary Structure: amino acids linked in chain
- Secondary Structure
- Tertiary Structure
- Quadinary Structure
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