Term
| Which WBC is the first responder in the inflammatory process? |
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Definition
Neutrophils
stain lavender
Short life - 10 hours & sensitive to aid
Immature are bands or stabs |
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Term
| If this is early in the acute phase what happens to the numbers of neutrophils in a CBC? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which WBC contains histamine? |
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Definition
Basophils
stain blue
contain histamine
increase during allergies and stress |
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Term
| Name the WBC that has the most diverse role in inflammation and wound healing? |
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Definition
Monocytes/Macrophages
horseshoe shaped nucleus
is an APC, processes Hb and old RBC recycle iron |
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Term
| If your patient is sick for longer than two weeks, which WBC would be elevated on the CBC? |
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Definition
Macrophage
replaces neutrophils in 3-7 days and can live in an acidic environment |
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Term
| How do phagocytes work and what are the end products produced in phagocytosis? |
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Definition
identify and adhere to target
engulf & eat target (phagosome)
lysosomes and target fuse (phagolysosome)
End Product: h2o2
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Term
| What cellular products produce fever? |
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Definition
| pyrogens released from neutrophils |
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Term
| What activates the complement system and how many proteins are involved. |
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Definition
1. antigen-antibody complex (classic pathway)
2. products from bacteria (alternative pathway)
3. components from the other two systems (kinin and clotting)
10 proteins
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Term
| *hat coagulation factor is turned on by the intrinsic pathway of the clotting system? |
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Definition
| Factor XII (Hageman factor)** |
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Term
| What is the purpose of exudate? |
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Definition
1. dilute toxins
2. Carry plasma proteins
3. stimulate increased lymph drainage
Exudate is swelling in an area of injury |
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Term
List some types of exudate and their descriptions. |
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Definition
1. serous - watery fluid with proteins ei. blister
2. mucinous (snot)
3. fibrinous - in body cavities (can lead to adhesions)
4. purulent - pus
5. hemorrahagic or sanguinous - blood vessel damage
6. mixed |
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Term
| What type of exudate occurs in the abdominal cavity after surgery and how can that be harmful? |
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Definition
| Fibrinous - leads to adhesions, which can cause blockage |
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Term
| What color should normal post-operative exudate be? |
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Definition
| Mixed - serosanguinous (pink) |
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Term
| What are the three causes of pain in the inflammatory process? |
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Definition
1. pressure of edema on nerve endings
2. change in pH
3. electrical charges |
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Term
| How does chronic inflammation differ from acute? Give an example. |
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Definition
chronic lasts longer than 2 weeks - granuloma or TB
acute shorter than 2 weeks - short term illness, cold or flu |
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Term
| Pick a type of wound healing and describe what you would see with the wound. |
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Definition
primary intention - clean straight site
secondary intention - edges farther apart, larger scar
tertiary intention - like secondary and then stitched together |
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Term
| What are the three phases of wound healing and describe what happens in each? |
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Definition
1. inflammatory stage- increase in WBCs
2. reconstructive & regenerative stage - clotting, filling in with collagen, and epithelial cells
3. Maturation/Remodeling stage - collagen is dissolved and relaid down in a more organized fashion |
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Term
| What role does Macrophages play in wound healing? |
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Definition
Important!
1. debride wound
2. release fibroblast activating factor
(secrete collagen)
3. release angiogenesis factor
(stimulates capillary growth)
4. stimulate epithelial cells to grow |
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Term
| List the examples of risk factors for poor wound healing? |
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Definition
| diabetes, poor nutrition, obesity, decreased blood flow, immunosuppressed |
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Term
| Pick one of the dysfunctional wound healing catagories and discuss how they occur? |
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Definition
Keloid - too much collagen synthesis
dehiscence - wound edges to seperate
(increased ab pressure)
evisceration - wound edges and underlying tissues separate
contractions - scar tissue over joints
adhesions - scar tissue internally cause obstructions
incisional hernia - weakness in wall due to increased pressue |
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Term
| What are the cardinal signs of inflammation and briefly describe how they occur |
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Definition
redness - rubor
warmth - calor
pain - dolor
swell - tumor
altered function |
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Term
| What are three inappropriate immune responses? |
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Definition
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