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| Process of changing free nitrogen so that the nitrogen atoms can combine with other elements to form compounds that organisms can use ; carried out mainly by bacteria in the soil |
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| The bacteria in these nodules are to separate the two nitrogen atoms that form nitrogen gas |
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| Any change in the environment that produces a condition that is harmful to living things |
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| Chemicals used to kill pests |
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| Solid Wastes includes the garbage that is collected by households, industrial plants, commercial buildings, institutions, and construction and demolition sites |
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| Wastewater containing dissolved and undissolved materials from your kitchen, bathroom, and laundry |
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| Wastewater released from a factory or sewage treatment plant |
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| Fuel formed from dead plants and animals; coal, oil, and natural gas |
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| Natural gas that contains hydrogen sulfide |
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| Compound that dissolves in water to form a solution with a PH lower than 7 |
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| Compound that dissolves in water to form a solution with a PH higher than 7 |
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| Measure of the percent of hydrogen ions in a solution; most solutions have a PH in the range of 0-14; 0 is very acid, 14 is very basic, and 7 is neutral |
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| Reaction between an acid and a base that produces water and a solid compound called a salt |
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| Compounds whose molecules contains carbon (e.g., fossil fuels) except carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, carbonates, and cyanides, which inorganic compounds |
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| Nutrients that organisms need in relatively large amounts |
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| nutrients that organisms need in only minor or trace amounts |
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| Organic molecules made up of atoms of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen (e.g., pasta, rice, potatoes, fruits, and bread); can form simple molecules, such as sugar, or large, complex molecules, such as starch, cellulose, and glycogen |
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| Organic molecules made up of atoms of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen (e.g., fats, oils, and waxes); lipids are insoluble in water |
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| Organic compound made up of units called amino acids; protein molecules contain atoms of nitrogen, hydrogen, oxygen, and carbon |
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| Building blocks of protein |
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| Largest and most complicated molecules found in all the cells of the living things; the two most important are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic (RNA), made up of phosphates, a simple sugar called ribose, and nitrogen-containing bases; play a major role in heredity and in controlling a cell's activity |
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| process in which molecules move from an area of higher concentration to one of lower concentration |
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| Type of diffusion in which water molecules move across a membrane from an area where there are more water molecules to an area where there are fewer water molecules |
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| Process in which plant cells use energy to move nutrient molecules from a areas of lower concentration to areas of higher concentration |
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| Reaction of a substance with water; "hydro" means water and "lysis" means break down |
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| Surface on which an organism lives or moves |
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| Keeping track of something for a specific purpose; certain chemicals are monitored in the environment to ensure they do not exceed safe levels |
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| Animals without backbones |
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| How poisonous a substance is |
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| Lethal Dose 50; amount of substance that causes 50% of a group of test animals to die if they are given a specified dose of the substance all at once |
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| Metals that have density of 5 or higher (e.g., copper, zinc, lead , mercury, cadmium, nickel): heavy metals are on type of substance monitored to determine water quality |
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| Volatile organic compounds in the presence of heat and sunlight. Organic chemicals that evaporate easily. |
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| Nitrogen Oxides; major air pollutant: forms when nitrogen combines with oxygen as a result of fuel combustion: gives smog it's characteristic brown colour; major source: motor vehicles |
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| Gases in Earth's atmosphere the trap heat that forms when radiant energy from the Sun reaches Earth's surface; water vapour, carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrogen oxide are all greenhouse gases |
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| Chlorofluorocarbons have been used in many different applications, including refrigerators, aerosol cans for products such as hairspray, and fire extinguishers. These chemicals move slowly from the lower atmosphere where we use them, up into the upper atmosphere. There ,U.V radiation breaks them down into substances, such as chlorine, that destroys ozone |
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