Term
| be able to list describe and recognize examples of the four ways used to determine abnormality.be able to define a psychological disorder |
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Definition
1
1)Statistical definition- rare behaviors
2) Social norm Deviance- When someone goes against their norms
3) Subjective Discomfort- Emotional distress or emotional pain.
4) Inability to function normally- people who do not fit in with society or function normally
Any pattern of behavior that causes people significant distress, causes them to harm others or harm their ability to function in daily life. |
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Term
| be able to summarize the models regarding the causes of psychological disorders |
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Definition
2
1) Psychodynamic View : Hiding problems
2) Behaviorism : Learning problems
3) Cognitive Perspective : Thinking Problems
4) Biopsychosocial Perspective: All Above |
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Term
| what is the purpose of the dsm? what are some of the advantages of using dsm? what are some of the problems with the dsm? |
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Definition
| 3dsm-diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. bible of mental health diagnoses. lists different disorders and gives descriptions of symptoms. criteria (yes to at leatst x of y symptoms). advantages-provides common language for scientists and clinicians.simplifies billing.ex government and insurance have to have a name to pay psychologist. problem med seeking and accurately characterized as dimensional. unclear boundaries between disorders. |
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Term
| be able to define and distinguish between categorical or dimensional models of psychological disorders. does the dsm represent a categorical or dimensional approach to disorders |
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Definition
| 4 categorical models place people or conditions into categories. commin in medicine.ex hiv postivie negative. no natural boundery. dimensional assess people or conditions across a dimension or scale. ex gpa height weight blood pressure. |
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Term
| what is phobia? how do phobias differ from fears? |
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Definition
| 5irrational,persistant fear of an object situation or social activity. specific phobia-triggered by a specific object or situation.social phobia-fear if interacting with others in social situations.agoraphobia- intense fear of public places and fear of ecaping often involve panic attacks. irrational and persistant across time |
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Term
| what is posttraumatic stress disorder (ptsd) |
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Definition
| 6 life event involving real or imagined threat of death or bodily harm and distressing re-experiencing of the event. avoidance, numbing. not necesarily combat or rape ex automobile. |
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Term
| what is obsessive-compulsive disorder? how do obsessions differ from compulsions? what is the function of the compulisions in this disorder |
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Definition
7 disorder in which intruding , recurring thoughts or obsessions create anxiety that is relieved by performing a repetitive, ritualistic behavior -(compulsion)
Persistent thoughts-(obsessions)
Compulsions bring a sense of guilt if that ritual behavior is not performed |
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Term
| what is generalized disorder? how long must symptoms occur for this diagnosis to be made? |
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Definition
8 Disorder in which a person has feelings of dread impending doom along with physical symptoms of stress. Lasts 6 months
or more |
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Term
| what is dissociative identity disorder/ what is the controversy regarding the excistance of this disorder? be able to discuss the controversy in detail, including the arguments of the posttraumatic model and the sociocognitive model. |
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Definition
| 9 when someone develops multiple identites from traumatic expieriences. ex molestation so you create a different personality to avoid it. also people might develop multiple personalites from what they hear from therapists and reinforcment from society. |
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Term
| what is major depression? how do the symptoms differ from normal sadness? |
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Definition
| 10depressed mood most of the day nearly everyday. markedly diminished interest or pleasure in all or almost all activities.significant(unintentional)weight loss or gain. insomnia/hypersomnia. psychomotor aggitation or retardation(slowing). fatigue or loss of energy.feelings or worthlessness or excessive or inappropriate guilt. diminished ability to concentrate. recurrent thoughts ofdeath suicidal ideation (thinking)if you have 5 or more your depressed. categorical model |
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Term
| on local source of help for suicide prevention is gryphon place. if asked on the exam to provide the name of the local suicide prevention center in kalamazoo, be able to provide this name. |
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Definition
| 11 gryphon place Kalamazoo |
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Term
| what is bipolar disorder? what is a manic episode? |
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Definition
| 12 characterized by cycling from two emotional poles very high to very low. used to be called manic depression. a manic episode is intense euphoria, excessive energy, excitement or irratibility. |
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Term
| what is schizophrenia? what is the difference between a delusion and a halucination |
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Definition
| 13 features disordered thinking and bizarre behavior inability to distinguish between fantasy and reality. name means break with reality. delusion a belief that is held even though there is no evidense. halucination is a sensory expierience that other people dont recieve. |
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Term
| be able to define personality disorder |
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Definition
| 14 class of disorders characterized by persistent, rigid,pattern of behavior that interferes with normal social interactions. |
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Term
| what characteristics borderline personality disorder? how does it differ from bipolar disorder |
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Definition
| 15 pervasive pattern of intense unstable relationships. emotional lability (rapidly changing moods) implusive behavior (suicide attempts, self harm, drug use, excessive spending) tend to feelings of abangonment. sometimes labeled manipulative. totally different disorders. borderline is faster cycling |
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Term
| what is seasonal affective disorder(sad)? what is one of the most effective treatments for sad? |
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Definition
16 Mood disorder caused by the bodies reaction to low levels of sunlight in the winter months.
Phototherapy- the use of lights to treat (SAD) |
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Term
| what approaches and beliefs are common to psyhcodynamic thereapy |
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Definition
| 17 1. They believe the causes of abnormal behavior, including unconscious con flits, wishes, and impulses, stem from traumatic or other adverse childhood experiences 2. They strive to analyze: Distressing thoughts and feelings people avoid,wishes and fantasies, recurring themes and life patterns, significant past events, and the therapeutic relationship 3. They believe that when a clients achieve insight into previously unconscious material, the causes and the significance of symptoms will become evident, often causing symptoms to disappear |
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Term
| what is person-centered therapy? be able to descrive the techniques a therapist would use when doing motivational interviewing. |
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Definition
| 18 treatment technique used to aid clients in reflecting on their own motivation to change. involves listening, reflectig, encougaging client to discuss. reasons for change reasons for staying the same. MI effecive for substance abuse and weight loss |
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Term
| be able to to describe the belief regarding the relation between behavior therapy and symptom subtitution. what does the supporting research say about this belief |
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Definition
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Term
| how does flooding differ from graduated exposure |
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Definition
| 20 GE involves creating a hierarchy of feared stimuli/situations. systematically expose person to each element of hierarchy. wait until fear diminishes before moving to next step. based on respondent extinction. flooding- exposure to most feared stimuli. problem people dont want to be flooded. |
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Term
| what is systematic desensitization and how does it differ from flooding or graduated? what is response prevention |
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Definition
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Term
| be able to describe how participant modeling can reduce fears |
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Definition
| 22 Therapist technique where first models a problematic situation and then guides the client through steps to cope with it unassisted. |
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Term
| how do therapies such as ellis' rational emotive behavior therapy and becks cognitive therapy attempt to treat mental disorders |
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Definition
| 23emphasizes changing thought patterns. antecedants -beliefs-consequences. challenging and replacing beliefs. CT-involves tageting the cogitive triad. belifs about themselves, about the future and about others. also includes behavioral activation component. both treatments try to replace bad thoughts. |
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Term
| be able to explain mindfulness and how it differs from therapy approaches that seek to challenge or eliminate problematic behaviors and thoughts? what are two examples of therapies that include mindfulnes as core elements |
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Definition
| 24 more recent movement in therapies for a variety of problems. work to accept negative emtions without judgment. exercises involve paying careful attention to emotional expieriences without changing them. accept pain to eliminate suffering.. two therapies-acceptance and commitment therapy and dialectical behavioral therapy |
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Term
| what is behavioral activation |
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Definition
| 25timeless treatment for depression. involves scheduling reinforcing activites for the client. smetimes guided by assesment of values-may include formely enjoyed activities. dont be fooled by simplicity treaments as effective as complex techniques. |
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Term
| summarize each of the first four conclusions mentioned in the textbook regarding behavioral and cognitive behavioral therapies |
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Definition
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Term
| be able to describe the scientist-practitioner gap. what is meant by empirically supported treatments. |
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Definition
27 The gap refers to the sharp cleft between psychologists who view psychotherapy as more an art than a science and those who believe that clinical practice should primarly refelct well replicated scientific findings
EST- Intervention for specific disorders supported by high quality scientific evidence. |
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Term
| what is and what is the most common biological treatment |
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Definition
| 28 a treatment that attempt to target biological functioning may target presumed cause disorder. antidepressant meds are the most common. |
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Term
| be able to list the cautions about drug treatments listed in the book |
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Definition
| 29 difficult to determine appropiate dosage for a drug. overperscriptions anf possibility of harm. ex stimulant meds for adhd. suicidality associated with antidepressants. polypharmacy prescribing multiple drugs at the same time |
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