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| A need or desire that energizes and directs behavior |
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| A complex behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species and is unlearned |
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| The idea that a physiological need creates an aroused tension state (a drive)that motivates an organism to satisfy the need |
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| A tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state, the regulation of any aspect of boy chemistry, such as blood glucose, around a particular level |
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| A positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior |
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Maslow’s pyramid of human needs, beginning at the base with physiological needs that must first be satisfied before higher-level safety needs and then psychological needs become active
1) physiological needs; 2) safety needs; 3) belongingness and love needs; 4) esteem needs; 5) self-actualization needs; 6)self-transcendence needs |
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| The form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides the major source of energy for body tissues. When its level is low, we feel hunger |
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The side of the hypothalamus that brings on hunger.
If it’s destroyed, animals will starve. |
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| ventromedial hypothalamus |
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The lower-mid hypothalamus that depresses hunger.
If it’s destroyed, animals will eat until their stomachs explode. |
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| The point at which an individual’s “weight thermostat” is supposedly set. When the body falls below this weight, an increase in hunger and a lowered metabolic rate may act to restore the lost weight. |
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| The body’s resting rate of energy expenditure. |
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| An eating disorder in which a person (usually an adolescent female) diets and becomes significantly (15 percent or more) underweight, yet, still feeling fat, continues to starve. |
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| An eating disorder characterized by episodes of overeating, usually of high-calorie foods, followed by vomiting, laxative use, fasting, or excessive exercise. |
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| Significant binge-eating episodes, followed by distress, disgust, or guilt, but without the compensatory purging, fasting, or excessive exercise that marks bulimis nervosa. |
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| The four stages of sexual responding described by Masters and Johnson; excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution. |
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| A resting period after orgasm, during which a man cannot achieve another orgasm. |
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| Sex hormones, such as estradiol, secreted in greater amounts by females than by males and contributing to female sex characteristics. In nonhuman female mammals, estrogen levels peak during ovulation promoting sexual receptivity. |
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| The most important of the male sex hormones. Both males and females have it, but the additional testosterone in males stimulates the growth of the male sex organs i the fetus and the development of the male sex characteristics during puberty. |
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| An enduring sexual attraction toward members of either one’s own sex (homosexual orientation) or the other sex (heterosexual orientation). |
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