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| the persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information |
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| processing of information into memory system- e.g.- extracting meaning |
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| retention of encoded information over time |
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| process of getting information out of memory storage |
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| immediate, very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system |
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| activated memory that holds a few items briefly, such as the 7 digits of a phone # while dialing, before the information is stored or forgotten. |
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| the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system. Includes knowledge, skills and experiences |
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| views memories as emerging from interconnected neural networks |
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| newer understanding of short-term memory that focuses on conscious, active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information, and of info retrieved from long-term memory |
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| processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously; the brain's natural mode of information processing for many functions. Contrasts with serial processing of most computers and conscious problem solving |
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| unconscious encoding of incidental information, space/time/frequency, and of well learned information, such as word meanings. |
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| encoding that requires attention/conscious effort |
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| the conscious repetition of information, either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage. **Amount remembered depends on time spent learning |
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| the tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention that is achieved through massed study or practice |
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| our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list |
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| encoding of picture images |
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| encoding of sound (especially sound of words) |
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| encoding of meaning, including meaning of words |
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| mental pictures; a powerful aid to effortful processing, especially when combined with semantic encoding |
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| memory aids, techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices. |
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| remembering high points, forgetting the mundane |
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| organizing items into familiar, manageable units, often occurs automatically |
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| a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli; a photographic or picture -image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second |
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| a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli; if attention is elsewhere; sounds and words can still be recalled within 3/4 seconds |
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Term
| long term potentiation (LTP) |
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Definition
| an increase in a synapse's firing potential after brief, rapid stimulation. Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory. |
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Definition
| a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event. |
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| retention independent of conscious recollection (nondeclarative or procedural memory) |
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| memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and "declare" (declarative memory) |
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| a neural center that is located in the limbic system; helps process explicit memories for storage |
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| a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learned earlier, (fill in the blank test) |
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| measure of memory in which person need only identify items previously learned, (multiple choice test) |
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| measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for 2nd time |
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| the activation, often unconsciously, of particular associations in memory. |
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| the eerie sense that "I've experienced this before." Cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience |
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| the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with one's current good or bad mood |
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| disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information |
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Definition
| distortive effect of new learning on the recall of old information |
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| in psychoanalytic theory, the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts, feelings and memories |
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| incorporating misleading information into one's memory of an event |
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| attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced, heard about, read about, or imagined. |
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| source amnesia, along with the misinformation effect, is at the heart of many false memories |
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