Problem solving procedures or formulas that gaurantee success if applied correctly.

Ex. Typing a formula into a computer to get a correct response to some issue.

Strategies, or rules of thumb, that are shortcuts as to get an answer which may not be correct.

Ex. Going down one path in a maze, not all the paths.

Responding to a new problem in the same manner of an old problem.

Ex. Tackling multiplication for the first time as one tackled addition.

Inability to perceive a new and unconvetional use for an item.

Ex. Using a bucket in a game to cover a character's head as to complete it with more ease.

Looking back onto an issue and believing that you knew the outcome the whole time, even when you didn't.

Ex. "I could've told you that would've happened."

A faulty heuristic caused by basing an estimate on a completely unrelated quantity.

A faulty heuristic based on categorizing all people or events the same way.

Ex. Stereotyping.

A faulty heuristic that estimates probabilities based on personal events.

Ex. "Well, this has to be true because I know X and X does that."

Mental process that contributes to novel responses that in turn contribute to the solution of a problem.

Ex. Using a table as an easel.

Innate potentialities

Ex. One's innate ability to write, or read.