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AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) |
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The name of the late stages of HIV infection; defined by a specified reduction of T cells and the appearance of characteristic secondary infections. ry infections. |
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One of the deadend, multilobed air sacs that constitute the gas exchange surface of the lungs. in the mammary glands. |
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An organic molecule possessing both carboxyl and amino groups. Amino acids serve as the monomers of proteins. |
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A chemical that kills bacteria or inhibits their growth. |
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An antigen-binding immunoglobulin, produced by B cells, that functions as the effector in an immune response. |
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A foreign macromolecule that does not belong to the host organism and that elicits an immune response. |
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The major artery in blood-circulating systems; the aorta sends blood to the other body tissues. |
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A vessel that carries oxygenated blood away from the heart to organs throughout the body. |
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| A typically long extension, or process, from a neuron that carries nerve impulses away from the cell body toward target cells. |
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The axon terminal contains synapses, specialized structures where neurotransmitter chemicals are released in order to communicate with target neurons. |
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| Prokaryotic microorganism containing no nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles. |
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| A yellow secretion of the vertebrate liver, temporarily stored in the gallbladder and composed of organic salts that emulsify fats in the small intestine. |
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| A type of connective tissue with a fluid matrix called plasma in which various types of blood cells are suspended. |
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| Bone marrow (or medulla ossea) |
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Is the soft tissue found in the hollow interior of bones. In adults, marrow in large bones produces new blood cells. |
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The hindbrain and midbrain of the vertebrate central nervous system. In humans, it forms a cap on the anterior end of the spinal cord, extending to about the middle of the brain. |
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| Uncontrolled growth and division of cells that can be caused by changes in control of the cell cycle and also may be caused by environmental factors. |
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| A microscopic blood vessel that penetrates the tissues and consists of a single layer of endothelial cells that allows exchange between the blood and interstitial fluid. |
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| Made up of the heart, blood and blood vessels, the circulatory system is your body's delivery system. Blood moving from the heart, delivers oxygen and nutrients to every part of the body. On the return trip, the blood picks up waste products so that your body can get rid of them. |
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Part of the vertebrate hindbrain (rhombencephalon) located in the back and bottom of the brain; functions in unconscious coordination of movement and balance. |
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composed of right and left hemispheres, of the vertebrate forebrain; the integrating center for memory, learning, emotions, and other highly complex functions of the central nervous system. |
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| Cervix (from Latin "neck") |
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is the lower, narrow portion of the uterus where it joins with the top end of the vagina. |
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A receptor that transmits information about the total solute concentration in a solution or about individual kinds of molecules. |
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A steroid that forms an essential component of animal cell membranes and acts as a precursor molecule for the synthesis of other biologically important steroids. |
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| One of usually numerous, short, highly branched processes of a neuron that conveys nerve impulses toward the cell body. |
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| The primary function is to convert food into energy and convert waste into excretable material. The digestive tract and its accompanying digestive organs are responsible for the absorption and digestion of all digestible products. |
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Abnormal condition of an organism that impairs bodily functions, associated with specific symptoms and signs. In human beings, the term is often used more broadly to refer to any condition that causes discomfort, dysfunction, distress, social problems, and/or death to the person afflicted, or similar problems for those in contact with the person. |
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| A female gamete, which usually contains abundant cytoplasm and yolk; nonmotile and often larger than a male gamete. |
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| A developing stage of multicellular organisms; in humans, the stage in the development of offspring from the first division of the zygote until body structures begin to appear; about the ninth week of gestation. |
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| The internal system of chemical communication involving hormones, the ductless glands that secrete hormones, and the molecular receptors on or in target cells that respond to hormones; functions in concert with the nervous system to effect internal regulation and maintain homeostasis. |
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| structure on top of each testis where sperm mature and are stored. A long coiled tube into which sperm pass from the testis and are stored until mature and ejaculated. |
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| A red blood cell; contains hemoglobin, which functions in transporting oxygen in the circulatory system. |
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| The primary female steroid sex hormones, which are produced in the ovary by the developing follicle during the first half of the cycle and in smaller quantities by the corpus luteum during the second half. Estrogens stimulate the development and maintenance of the female reproductive system and secondary sex characteristics. |
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| A long carbon chain carboxylic acid. Fatty acids vary in length and in the number and location of double bonds; three fatty acids linked to a glycerol molecule form fat. |
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| Fallopian tube (oviduct) |
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A tube passing from the ovary to the vagina in invertebrates or to the uterus in vertebrates. |
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The union of haploid gametes to produce a diploid zygote. |
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| An unborn or unhatched vertebrate that has passed through the earliest developmental stages; a developing human from about the second month of gestation until birth. |
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A structure composed of modified epithelial cells specialized to produce one or more secretions that are discharged outside of the structure.
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A type of T cell that is required by some B cells to help them make antibodies or that helps other T cells respond to antigens or secrete lymphokines or interleukins. |
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A substance released by injured cells that causes blood vessels to dilate during an inflammatory response. |
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HIV Abbreviation of human immunodeficiency virus |
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the infectious agent that causes AIDS; is an RNA retrovirus. |
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The steady-state physiological condition of the body. |
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One of many types of circulating chemical signals in all multicellular organisms that are formed in specialized cells, travel in body fluids, and coordinate the various parts of the organism by interacting with target cells. |
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links the nervous system to the endocrine system via the pituitary gland, under the thalamus and just above the brain stem. |
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