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Unit 5 Middle Ages
flashcards
36
History
10th Grade
12/08/2015

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Term
Many different changes helped increase food production. One was the 3 field rotation and the other was a heavy, iron, wheeled plow called a __________.
Definition
Carruca
Term
_________ were business associations developed by artisans and craftsmen to limit competition, improve quality, develop skills, and control wages and prices for specific skills.
Definition
Guilds
Term
What is NOT true about peasant life in the Middle Ages?
Definition
If they worked hard, they would be able to move up in class.
Term
_________ was an agricultural based estate ran by a local lord and worked by peasants.
Definition
Manor
Term
At the age of 10, one could become an ___________ under a master for 5 to 7 years where they would learn about a skill or craft.
Definition
apprentice
Term
New banks, trading companies, and a money economy were all parts of _____________ ___________ which is system where people invest in trade and goods to make profit.
Definition
Commercial Capitalism
Term
The majority of peasants at the time were called ________ and were legally bound to the land having to farm the lord's crops but being guaranteed rights, lands, and protection.
Definition
Serfs
Term
____________ in the Mediterranean and ____________ in N. Europe were key places when it comes to the revival of trade and the growth of the merchant class.
Definition
Venice; Flanders
Term
The merchant class that built walled cities and aided in the downfall of feudalism were called the _______________.
Definition
Bourgeoisie
Term
The ______________ were a group of monks that actively searched for those that were guilty of denying basic Church doctrine (beliefs) which is called _________.
Definition
Dominicans; Heresy
Term
Pope Innocent III's favorite spiritual weapon was ________ which forbid the clergy in a region to give the holy sacraments. This ultimately would make that group pressure a king or noble to give in to the pope.
Definition
Interdict
Term
The _____________ were a group of monks that lived in poverty as their founder did to show the simplicity and poverty that was often asked of Christians to avoid material goods and temptation.
Definition
Fransiscans
Term
The ___________ was a Holy Office or court that was created to try those who denied Church doctrine or beliefs. Those who confessed originally had to perform public penance, typically flogging; however, later they were tortured to confess in order to save their souls.
Definition
Inquisition
Term
When a king or noble would chose Church offices and give them a ring and staff was known as the practice of ____ _____________.
Definition
lay investiture
Term
The ___________ were group of monks that believe Benedictine Monasticism was too soft and should spend less time in service and more time doing good works.
Definition
Cistercians
Term
Henry IV ignores the pope's decree and appoints a new bishop of Milan leading to Civil War. After the pope and Henry IV are removed, the new king and pope come to an agreement called the ______________ of _________.
Definition
Concordat of Worms
Term
Pope _____________ ____ (numeral) believed he was chosen by god to reform or fix the Church and decreed that anything Christian was to be handled by the Church.
Definition
Gregory VII
Term
What 2 statements are true about religion in the Middle Ages?
Definition
-Many went on pilgrimages to visit bones or objects of saints called relics.
-All parts of people's lives were dedicated to receiving God's grace and salvation.
Term
Many people who did not agree with the corruption and fighting within the Church worked at reforms. Specifically, John ____ from Bohemia created an uprising in the area for 20 years, though burned for heresy.
Definition
Hus
Term
The ________ __________ was an issue for the Church since it had a hard time explaining or combating this deadly disease of the Middle Ages.
Definition
Black Death or Bubonic Plague
Term
Many Popes lived in luxury in southern France at ___________ between 1305-1377 which made many Christians challenge the supremacy of the Church
Definition
Avignon
Term
Henry V of England lead at the muddy battle of _____________ in 1415 which was a seemingly impossible win.
Definition
Agincourt
Term
The volume of books that summaries theology, are the foremost authority on religion, and later accepted as Church doctrine are called the ________ ______________.
Definition
Summa Theologica
Term
After fighting the Moors in Spain, two strong states emerged. What were the rulers of those 2 states who eventually marry and make a strong, Catholic Spain?
Definition
Isabella and Ferdinand
Term
Jews flee from Germany to Poland during the Middle Ages due to _____-_______________ or hostility toward Jews.
Definition
anti-semitism
Term
________ of ___ was a young peasant girl that had visions that told her to help the French.
Definition
Joan of Arc
Term
The biggest change during the 100 Years War was the use of __________ as foot soldiers and a powerful ____________ which was better than the crossbow in many ways.
Definition
Peasants; Longbow
Term
The first university was built in ___________, Italy where students would learn law.
Definition
Bologna
Term
_____________ churches were built with thick walls, a few small windows, and in a basilica shape.
Definition
Romanesque
Term
The _______ __________ was when there were 2 or sometimes 3 'separate' popes ruling in S. France, Rome, and even Pisa which also leads to many challenging the Church's power and supremacy
Definition
Great Schism
Term
This royal family took over in England after a civil war called the War of the Roses.
Definition
Tudors
Term
Chanson de geste like "Song of Roland" and troubadour like King Arthur and his Knights of the Round Table are two types of stories written in the ______________ or everyday language like French, English, Spanish, or German rather than Latin.
Definition
Vernacular
Term
The 100 Years War was fighting between King __________ ___ of England and King ______ ___ of France.
Definition
Edward III; Philip VI
Term
__________ is the study of religion or God which was most highly regarded.
Definition
Theology
Term
The attempt to unite reason, logic, and rationality with faith called scholasticism was most famously attempted by St. ____________ _____________
Definition
Thomas Aquinas
Term
Gothic churches were far taller with a lot of large stain-glass windows made possible by ___________ ___________ which are heavy arched shaped supports for the heavy ceilings.
Definition
Flying Buttresses
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