Splenius Capitis and Cervices

A: Unilateral - lateral flex head and neck to same side, rotate head and neck to the sam side; Bilateral - extend the head and neck

N: cervical nerves

Longus Capitis

A: Unilateral - lateral flex head and neck to the same side, rotate head and neck to the same side; Bilateral - flex the head and neck

N: cervical

Longus Colli

A: Unilateral - laterally flex head and neck to the same side, rotate head and neck to the same side; Bilateral - flex the head and neck

N: cervical

Sternocleidomastoid

A: Unilateral - rotate head and neck to the opposite side, laterally flex to the same side; Bilateral - flex neck; assist in inhalation

O: Sternal head - top of manubrim

Clavicular head - medial 1/3 of clavicle

I: mastoid process of temporal bone, lateral portion of the superior nuchal line

N: spinal accessory

Scalenes

A: Unilateral - laterally flex head and neck to the same side, rotate head and neck to the opposite side;  Bilateral - flex the head and neck; elevate ribs during inhalation

O: Anterior - transverse process of C3 - C6

Middle - transverse process of C2 - C7

Posterior - transverse process of C5

I: Anterior & Middle - first rib

Posterior - 2nd rib

N: cervical and brachial plexus

Platysma

A: tighten fascia over neck; assist with mandible depression

N: facial

Occipitofrontalis

A: elevate eyebrows, wrinkle forehead

N: facial

Orbicularis Oculi

A: tightly closes eyes

N: facial

Orbicularis Oris

A: approximates and protudes lips as in whistling

N: facial

Zygomaticus Major

A: smile

N: facial

Masseter

A: elevates mandible (TMJ)

N: mandibular nerve via masseteric nerve (branch of the trigeminal)

Temporalis

A: elevate and retract mandible (TMJ)

N: deep temporal branch of mandibular nerve (branch of trigeminal nerve)

Medial Pterygoid

A: Unilateral - lateral deviate mandible to opposite side; Bilateral - protract and elevate mandible

N: mandibular nerve (branch of trigeminal nerve)

Lateral Pterygoid

A: Unilateral - lateral deviates mandible to opposite side; Bilateral - elevate mandible

N: mandibular nerve (branch of trigeminal nerve)

Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor

A: extend upper cervical

N: suboccipital

Rectus Capitis Posterior Major

A: extend upper cervicals; rotate to same side

N: suboccipitals

Oblique Capitis Superior

A: extend upper cervicals

N: suboccipitals

Oblique Capitis Inferior

A: rotate head to same side

N: suboccipital