Term
| What are refractive errors |
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Definition
| Vision is impaired because of a shortened or elongated eyeball |
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Term
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Definition
| Nearsightedness (distant vision is blurred) |
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Term
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Definition
| Farsightedness (near vision is blurred) |
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Term
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Definition
| An irregularity in the curve of the cornea |
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Term
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Definition
| Defined as a best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) ranging from 20/400 to no light perception |
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Term
| How do you manage low vision? |
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Definition
| magnification and image enhancement through the use of low-vision aids and strategies, and referrals to social services |
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Term
| How do you care for vision impaired nurses? |
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Definition
Promoting coping efforts
Promoting spatial orientation
Promoting mobility
Promoting home- and community-based care |
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Term
T or F?
Typically, an individual who becomes suddenly blind adapts to his or her new circumstances more easily than someone who loses vision gradually. |
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Definition
False
Rationale: Patients with progressive eye disorders develop coping and management techniques over time. Patients who become blind suddenly have more difficulty in adjusting. |
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Term
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Definition
A group of ocular conditions characterized by optic nerve damage related to intraocular pressure (IOP)
Related to the impedance of aqueous fluid outflow from the eye
Narrow Angle
Closed Angle |
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Term
| What is the treatment of glaucoma? |
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Definition
Management is centered on systemic and topical ocular medications
Cholinergic, beta blockers |
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Term
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Definition
Lens opacity or cloudiness
Result primarily in painless, blurry vision
Surgery is commonly considered when reduced vision interferes with normal activities: |
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Term
| What is the process pre and post surgery for cataracts? |
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Definition
The nurse administers dilating drops prior to surgery
Mydriatics & Cyclopegics
Postoperatively, the patient is taught to protect the eye, administer medications, and recognize signs of complications and when to obtain emergency care |
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Term
| What is the post surgery like for cataracts? |
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Definition
Plan to spend a quiet day at home following your surgery.
Wear Shield over eye for 24 hours then while sleeping X1wk
Administer eye gtts.
Follow up exam |
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Term
| What should you expect with cataract surgery? |
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Definition
Scratchy or burning sensation when putting in your eye drops.
Blurry vision for a few days.
Mild discomfort: Tylenol or Advil.
Do NOT: rub or apply pressure to lid/eye x 2 wks
Avoid soap in eye, wash GENTLY
No lifting over 25 lbs
Climb step at a time
Stop activity of eye strain. |
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Term
| When should you call you PCP after cataract surgery? |
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Definition
Severe pain, especially associated with nausea and vomiting.
Increased swelling, bruising, redness or unusual discharge of your operative eye.
Sudden flashes of light in the eye.
Significant decrease in vision.
A shadow as though a dark curtain has been drawn across your eye. |
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Term
A nurse is teaching a group of older adults about cataracts. What teaching point should the nurse include in this health education?
A. “Cataracts are usually the consequence of genetic factors.”
B. “Newer medications have been shown to prevent and cure many cataracts.” |
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Definition
C. “Eye surgery is the most effective treatment for cataracts.”
Rationale: Nonsurgical (medications, eyedrops, eyeglasses) treatment has not been found as curative for people with cataracts, nor does it prevent age-related cataracts; most patients require surgery. Genetic factors are not a major risk. |
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Term
| What is retinal detachment? |
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Definition
The separation of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) from the sensory layer
Associated with visual disturbances in the absence of pain
Normally corrected with surgery
Nursing interventions consist of educating the patient and providing supportive care |
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Term
| What is macular degeneration? |
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Definition
Characterized by tiny, yellowish spots called drusen beneath the retina
Two types of age-related macular degeneration (AMD): Dry and wet
Treatments include laser therapy and photodynamic therapy (PDT)
Nursing management is primarily educational |
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Term
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Definition
Usually associated with a head injury
Priority for care is the preservation of vision
Orbital fractures and foreign bodies often require surgery |
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Term
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Definition
Can result from physical damage or chemical damage
A ruptured globe and severe injuries with intraocular hemorrhage require surgery
Foreign bodies and ocular burns require immediate treatment after thorough assessment of the cause of injury |
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Term
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Definition
Inflammation of the conjunctiva
Major causes are microbial infection, allergy, and irritating toxic stimuli |
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Term
| What is bacterial conjunctivitis? |
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Definition
| can be acute or chronic and results in redness, burning, and discharge |
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Term
| What is viral conjunctivitis? |
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Definition
| can also be acute and chronic and causes watery discharge |
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Term
| How is conjunctivitis treated? |
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Definition
| Often self-limiting, but severe cases require topical antibiotics, eye drops, or ointments |
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Term
T or F?
Preventing the spread of conjunctivitis can often be accomplished by promoting thorough, frequent hand washing. |
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Definition
True
Rationale: Viral and bacterial conjunctivitis are highly contagious and are usually spread by direct contact. Hand washing minimizes the risk of spread. |
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Term
| What are the orbital surgeries for eye disorders? |
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Definition
May be performed to repair fractures, remove a foreign body, or remove benign or malignant growths
Goals are to recover and preserve visual function and to maintain the anatomic relationship of the ocular structures |
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Term
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Definition
| The removal of the entire eye and part of the optic nerve |
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Term
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Definition
| The surgical removal of the intraocular contents |
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Term
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Definition
| The removal of the eyelids, the eye, and various amounts of orbital contents |
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Term
| How are ocular medication administrated? |
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Definition
Absorption involves the entry of a medication into the aqueous humor
Natural barriers diminish the absorption of ocular medications:
Correct administration technique is important |
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Term
| What are common eye meds? |
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Definition
| topical anesthetics, mydriatics, and cycloplegic agents that reduce IOP; anti-infectives, corticosteroids, NSAIDs, antiallergy medications, eye irrigants, and lubricants |
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Term
When administering a topical ocular medication to a patient, the nurse should:
A. Position the patient’s head in a supine position
B. Ask the patient to hold his or her breath during administration
C. Swab the tip of the medication container with alcohol before and after administration
D. Have the patient keep his or her eyes closed for 3 to 5 minutes after administration |
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Definition
A. Position the patient’s head in a supine position
Rationale: Positioning of patient’s head in a supine position or, if sitting, hyperextended in a “sniffing position” allows for proper instillation of ophthalmic medication, particularly drops. It is unnecessary to have the patient hold his or her breath or keep the eyes closed after administration. The medication container is not normally swabbed before and after the medication is administered. |
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