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Unit 3
Integumentary
47
Anatomy
12th Grade
01/22/2012

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Term
skin
Definition
weighs about 7% total body weight, covers 2 square meters
Term
hypodermis
Definition
deepest layer, contains adipocytes, 50% of all body fat, contains large blood vessels and nerves, areolar and adipose tissue
Term
dermis
Definition
two sublayers, middle of skin, areolar and dense irregular tissue
Term
papillary layer
Definition
superficial, 20% of dermis, areolar tissue, sensory receptors, creates fingerprints
Term
reticular layer
Definition
deeper layer, 80% of dermis, dense irregular connective tissue, stretch marks and leather
Term
epidermis
Definition
most superficial, stratified squamous, avascular
Term
desquamation
Definition
most superficial squamous cells are constantly scraped off skin
Term
cats love gut sucking bats
Definition
corneum, lucidium, granulosum, spinosum, basale
Term
stratum corneum
Definition
all cells are dead, desquamation
Term
stratum lucidum
Definition
all cells are dead, functional keratin is present
Term
stratum granulosum
Definition
1/2 cells are dead, 1/2 are dying, precursor to keratin is being formed
Term
keratin
Definition
water proofing agent
Term
stratum spinosum
Definition
non squamous in shape, cells are living but beginning to starve, begin to flatten
Term
stratam basale
Definition
base, all cells living, active by dividing by mitosis
Term
melanin
Definition
dark brown/black pigment, freckles, moles, protect from UV light
Term
carotene
Definition
yellow pigment, if you eat too much your skin turns yellow
Term
hemoglobin
Definition
red pigment in rbc, with oxygen turns bright red, shows through epidermis to give red color on surface
Term
cyanosis
Definition
abnormal blue color to skin, when low O2 or extreme cold, can be reversed
Term
jaundice
Definition
abnormal yellow color to skin and eyes, liver disease causes it
Term
glands
Definition
embrologically, come from same tissue as epidermis
Term
sweat glands
Definition
decrease body temp by cooling skin
Term
oil glands
Definition
physically attached to hair follicle, secretes sebum, lubricate and waterproof skin and hair
Term
sebum
Definition
lubricating agent
Term
wax glands
Definition
modified sweat gland, protect ear drum from injury
Term
mammary glands
Definition
modified sweat gland, makes milk, lactation, nourish newborn baby
Term
hair/nails
Definition
made of dead, keratinized squamous cells that are fused together
Term
hair shaft
Definition
portion about skin
Term
hair root
Definition
portion below skin
Term
hair follicle
Definition
special cells that surround and protect root
Term
matrix cells for hair and nails
Definition
divide by mitosis for growth
Term
arrector pili muscle
Definition
smooth muscle, involuntary, causes goosebumps
Term
nail body
Definition
portion about skin
Term
nail root
Definition
portion below skin
Term
lunula
Definition
white half moon structure at the proximal end of a nail
Term
nociceptors
Definition
pain receptors, naked dendrite of a neuron, found in epidermis and dermis
Term
thermoreceptors
Definition
temperature receptors, naked dendrite of a neuron, found in epidermis and dermis
Term
mechanoreceptors
Definition
touch receptors and pressure receptors
Term
epidermal wounds
Definition
no bleeding occurs, cells of basale enlarge and divide, new cells migrate towards the center of the wound, basale cells continue to divide to reform all stratum layers
Term
dermis and deeper wounds
Definition
bleeding, wbcs and platelets towards the wound to form a clot. form a scabe and tissues begin to heal and repair
Term
albinism
Definition
melanocytes are present but do not produce functional melanin
Term
bedsores(decubitus ulcer)
Definition
common in people who are bed ridden for a long time, decrease blood flow to skin, lead to ulceration
Term
ulceration
Definition
death of skin tissue
Term
viral infections
Definition
various viruses that will cause mild skin eruptions
Term
burns
Definition
proteins in skin denature, skin open to fluid loss and infections
Term
first degree burn
Definition
damage to epidermis, mild
Term
second degree burn
Definition
destruction of epidermis and damage to dermis. moderate pain, blistering, loose some skin function
Term
third degree burn
Definition
destruction of epidermis and dermis, damage to hypodermis, severe pain, fluid loss, lose all skin function
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