Term
|
Definition
| The process of attaching a definition or meaning to an individual or group; e.g. teachers my label a pupil as a trouble maker. Often the label is a sterotype that defines all members of a group in the same way. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Where a prediction that is made about a person or group comes true simply because it has been made. For example, teachers who label children as bad will negatively interact with them, so those children are discouraged from pleasing the teacher and so won't work hard, so the children fail. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A group of students within a school who share norms, values, beliefs and attitudes that are in some way different from or opposed to the mainstream culture. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Where children are separated into different ability groups or classes, and then each ability group is taught separately from the others for all subjects. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Distinguishing or creating differences between individuals or groups. In education, streaming is a form of differentiation that distinguishes between pupils on the basis of ability. In the study of stratification, differentiation refers to the process of distinguishing between people on the basis of class, ethnicity, gender or age. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A process that results in the creation of two opposite extremes, e.g. pupil's responses to labelling or streaming in schools can create pro-school subcultures and anti-school subcultures. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The process whereby schools sort pupils into 'hopeless cases', 'those who will pass anyway' and 'those with potential to pass'. The school then focuses its main attention on getting the latter to pass so that they can boost their position up in the league tables. |
|
|
