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| The theory that many working class and black children are inadequately socialised and therefore lack the 'right' culture needed for educational success; e.g. their families do not instil the value of 'deferred gratification'. |
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| Poverty; a lack of basic necessities such as adequate diet, housing, clothing, or the money to buy these things. In education, material deprivation theory explains working class under-achievement as the result of the lack of resources, e.g. overcrowded home deprives child of quie study time. |
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| The knowledge, attitudes, values, language, tastes, and abilities that the middle class transmit to their children. Bourdieu argues that educational success is largely based on possession of cultural capital, thus giving the middle class an advantage. |
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| Governement education policies such as Operation Headstart in the USA that seek to tackle the problem of under-achievement by providing extra support and funding to schools and families in deprived areas. |
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| Myth of cultural deprivation |
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| The policy of introducing market forces of supply and demand into areas run by the state, such as the education and the NHS. The 1988 Education Reform Act began the marketisation of education by encouraging competetion between schools and choice for parents. |
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| Priveledged-skilled choosers |
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| Disconnected-local choosers |
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