Cytoskeleton

Helps to maintain cell shape and important for cell motility

Cell Membrane

Regulates traffic of molecules between the cell and its surroundings

Microtubules & Microfiliments

-Help support and shape the cell and function as organelles can move

-form the spindle fibers that manipulate and seperate chromosomes during mitosis

the site of protein synthesis, protein builders and synthesizers of the cell

Centriole

seperate during cell division and form spindle fibers

Lysosome

fuse with food vacuoles exposing the food to enzymes, break down large molecules of organelles, human health

Flagellum

the locomotion of the cell

Nucleus

control center of cell, carries most of cells dna, only in eukaryotes

Smooth & Rough ER

S: synthesises lipids&steriods, detoxifies liver cells, controls calcium release in muscle cell contraction

R: makes more membrane, manufactures protien products sent to other locations in cell

Golgi Apparatus

recieves, refines, restores, and distributes chemical products of the cell.  Packages molecules to be sent to other locations in cell.

Mitochondria

harvests energy from sugars and other food molecules and uses it to produce another form of chemical energy

Nucleolus and Nuclear Envelope

N: makes components of ribosomes

NE: allows certain materials to pass between nucleus and cytoplasm

Central Vacuole

stores organic nutrients in prokaryiotic cell

Cell Wall

provides and maintains shape of cell and serves as a protective barrier

Chloroplast

performs photosynthesis

Animal vs. Plant Cell

A: Centriole, lysosome, flagellum

P: Central vacuole, chloroplast, cell wall

Cell Theory

1. All living things are composed of cells.

2. Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things.

3. New cells are produced from existing cells

Pro. vs. Euk.

P: unicellular, bacteria, archae

E: multicellular, plants, animals, fungi

Diffusion

the tendency of molecules to move from a higher concentration to a lower concentration until equilibrium is reached

Osmosis

passive transport of water across a semi permeable membrane

-water moves

-movement of water from low solute to high solute

-equilibrium, same sugar to water

-no energy

Passive Transport

-diffusion across semi-permeable membrane

-cell does not use energy for diffusion

-selectively permeable membrane

-ex. water, oxygen

Phospholipid Bilayer

-protiens and phospholipids

-2 fatty acids (hydrophobic,fear water)

-phosphate group(hydrophilic)

Endocytosis

material enters the cell through the plasma membrane within vesicles

1. Phagocytosis

2. Pinocytosis

3. Receptor-Mediated

Phagocytosis

cellular eating, cell engulfs a particle and packages it with a food vacuole, unspecific

Enzymes

-specialized protiens that act as catalysts (speed up the rate of a chemical reaction without using up itself)

-specific for reaction it will catalyze

-active site on enzyme must be perfect complementary shape for substrate

Cell Cycle

-Interphase (g1,s,g2)

-mitosis

-cytokinesis

Mitosis

-interphase
-prophase

-metaphase

-anaphase

-telophase

-cytokinesis 

Functions of Mitosis

-replacement of lost or damaged cells

-reproduction of organisms

-growth

-pass genes on from cell to cell

-single celled organism to become a mulitcellular organism

Mitosis Plant vs. Animal Cells

In cytokinesis a plant cell forms a cell plate by starting in the center of the cell and moving outward to divide into 2 cells.

Dehydration Synthesis

linking of monomers together to form a polymer.  Wateris removed by taking a hydrogen from one molecule and an alcohol from another