ingroup bias

"us" people with whom we share a common identity

I chose group a because they all liked music like myself.

outgroup

"them" those perceived as different or apart from our ingroup

I didnt choose group b because all of them liked to hike instead.

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ingroup bias

It refers to a preference and affinity for one’s in-group over the out-group, or anyone viewed as outside the in-group.

Our group is more superior than the other.

scapegoat theory

the theory that prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame

Hitler blamed all of geremany's problems on the jews.

discrimination

unjustifiable negative behavior toward a group and its members.

I couldnt used the clean water fountain becuase I am black.

other-race effect

The tendency for people of one race to have difficulty recognizing and processing faces and facial expressions of members of a race or ethnic group other than their own.

All asians look the same.

just world phenomenon

the tendency for people to believe the world is just and that people therefore get what they deserve and deserve what they got

There was a weather warning and john still went out in it. He deserved the crash he got into.

aggression

any physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt or destroy

I was so mad I told sam I was going to slap her in her face.

frustration aggression principle

the principle that frustration; the blocking of an attempt to achieve some goal creates anger, which can generate aggression

If someone keeps talking during a test I cant focus and tend to yell.

mere exposure effect

the phenomenon that repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases liking of them

My mom thinks if she continues to place brussel sprouts on my plate Iw ill learn to love them.

passionate love

an arousal state of intense positive absorption in another, usually present at the beginning of a love relationship

Im  in love with bob so much , he's the air that I breathe.

compassionate love

the deep affectionate attachment we feel for those with whom our lives are intertwined

I love ted alot , he's apart of me.

equity

a condition in which people receive from a relationship in proportion to what they give to it

A relationship should be 50/50%

self disclosure

revealing intimate aspects of oneself to others

I told bob that I dont wear underwear sometimes.

Altruism

unselfish regard for the welfare of others

Jen had no food so I gave her my bagged lunch.

Bystander Effect

the tendency for any given bystander to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present

The man asked me for a dollar, but everyone was watching so I pretended I did hear him.

social exchange theory

the theory that our social behavior is an exchange process, the aim of which is to maximize benefits and minimize costs

I went out for drinks with my colleges to get to know the firm better.

reciprocity norm

an expectation that people will help, not hurt, those who have helped them

Jen saved me from missing the fial exam, I have to repay her in some way.

social - responsibilty norm

an expectation that people will help those dependent upon them

My sister has no money, so I am going to let her stay with me.

conflict

a perceived incompatibility of action, goals, or ideas

I could never make it to work on time so I was fired.

social trap

a situation in which the conflicting parties, by each rationally pursuing their self-interest, become caught in mutually destructive behavior

Group A and group B ended up starting a riot over who was the best team.

mirror - image perceptions

mutual views often held by conflicting people, as when each side sees itself as ethical and peaceful and views the other side as evil and aggressive

South Korea likes us Americans, but North Koreans just want to kill us all.

self - fulfilling prophecy

a belief that leads to its own fufillment

I must get my PHD and then my life will be complete.

Superordinate goals

shared goals that override difference among people and require their cooperation

We must all learn to love each other , and create peace.

GRIT (Graduated and Reciprocated Initiatives in Tension-Reduction)

a strategy designed to decrease international tensions

The treaty of Versailles helped us all create some peace.