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DescribeExplain Predict Control
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o Wilhelm Wundt. In order to understand a person’s behavior, you have to analyze the structure of the mind. |
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o A method used to have people look inward and report their feelings.
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o William James. In order to understand a person’s behavior, you have to analyze the function of the mind. |
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o Your personality is determined by the order of your birth. |
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§ perfectionist, ambitious, overachievers, dependable.
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§ the rebels, affectionate and playful, laid back, good manipulators |
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§ very mature for age, independent, ambitious.
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| Max Wertheimer. To understand behavior, you must look at the whole picture. (The whole is greater than the sum.) |
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o Sigmund Freud. Behavior is influenced by:
§ Childhood events
§ Unconscious Thoughts
§ Repressed Desires |
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| Behavior is influenced by: |
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§ Childhood events
§ Unconscious Thoughts
§ Repressed Desires |
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o A combination of long-lasting and distinctive behaviors, thoughts, motives, and emotions that typify how we react and adapt to other people and situations. |
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o An organized attempt to describe & explain how personalities develop & why personalities differ.
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· Two different theories of personality: |
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o Freud’s Psychodynamic Theory
o Humanistic Theory |
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| childhood events are important till what age |
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repressed desires
- repression and desires are what?
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· Repression
o Pushing scary/threatening thought or memories into the unconscious
· Desires
o Sex and Aggression |
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hypnosis
dream interpretation
free association-word association |
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Freud’s 3 Divisions of the Mind |
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| The id, ego, and superego |
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o Selfish, Operates on Pleasure Principle. Its goals are to avoid pain and get pleasure.
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o Operates on the Reality Principle. It’s goals are to satisfy the id’s demands and superego’s wishes. |
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o The conscience. Controls morals and guilty feelings. |
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| Stress caused by the id/superego conflict |
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| Processes used to get rid of ego anxiety or stress |
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| Refusing to recognize the truth |
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| making excuses or justifying behavior. |
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| redirecting a thought or feeling from one source to a “safer” source. |
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§ taking your unwanted or unacceptable feeling and projecting them onto another source and acting as if the feelings belong to that person. |
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| pushing threatening/scary thought or memories into the unconscious. |
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| turning unconscious desires or wishes into the opposite behavior. |
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o When you get stuck in a stage of development because your needs are either overgratified or undergratified. |
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| oral stage and year of age |
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· from birth to 1 ½ years old.
o Get pleasure orally through eating, chewing, sucking, and biting. If fixated…..then as an adult you will still get pleasure orally through biting nails, chewing gum, pens, toothpicks or smoking. |
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· from 1 ½ -3 years old.
o Get pleasure from your anus. Focus on potty training. The first time a kid learns control. If fixated…..as an adult, you will be anal retentive-control freak, organized, clean freak. |
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| phallic stage? what are the two complex's and describe |
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· - 3-6 years old.
o Oedipus Complex- boys want their mom but fear their dad…this causes “Castration Anxiety”
o Electra Complex- girls want their dad but are mad at mom….because of “Penis Envy”. |
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· 6 years old to puberty
o There are no sexual interests. Only have the same sex friends. |
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· puberty to adulthood
o Sexual interests reappear. |
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| Reaching your maximum potential |
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self acutalized
Esteem needs
Social needs
Safety needs
Physiological needs |
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o To understand behavior, you must consider the differences among cultures. |
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o Our genes, DNA and physical make-up influence our personality and behavior. |
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· John Watson
· This approach believed you should study observable behavior. Rewards and punishments determine behavior. |
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| Analyzes how organnisms learn new behaviors and modify existing ones |
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| What are concious thoughts |
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| Wishes desires or thoughts that we are aware of or can recall |
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o Personality development is shaped by three forces:
§ Cognitive factors
§ Behaviors
§ Environmental factors |
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| What three forces shape personality development |
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§ Cognitive factors
§ Behaviors
§ Environmental factors |
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o Includes love, sympathy, warmth, acceptance, and respect, which we crave from family, friends, and people important to us.
o Two types are conditional and unconditional. |
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· Roger’s Self Actualizing Theory |
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o Inborn tendency for us to develop all of our capacities in ways that best maintain and benefit our lives.
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o Real Self- based on actual experiences and represents how we really see ourselves
o Ideal Self- based on hopes and wishes |
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· Language ability
· Observational Learning
· Purposeful behavior
· Self-Analysis |
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o Refers to not taking an immediate but less desirable reward and instead of waiting and pursing an object or completing a task that promises a better reward in the future |
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| the big five trait theory |
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| Personality traits are stable acorss time especially after what age? |
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| what does O.C.E.A.N mean? |
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o=open or close minded
c=conscientiousness
e=extraversion
a=agreeableness
n=neuroticism |
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phychiatrist psychologist clinical psychologist counceling education industrial
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| genes and dna/ heridity influences behavior |
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| freud says to look at unconscious |
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| observable behaviors are influenced bby environmental circumstances |
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| way people store and use information |
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| Freud's psychodynamic theory of personality |
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| uncouncious; childhood events |
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| where people sre encouraged to talk about thoughts and images that enter their head |
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| oral anal phallic latency genital and fixation |
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| positive regard-conditional and unconditional |
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| love we want from family, friends, and other close ones |
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