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Unit 1
Overview of Body Systems and the Lower Limb
41
Anatomy
Undergraduate 3
01/29/2013

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Term
Gross Anatomy
Definition
the study of (gross) structures that can be seen with the nakey eye
Term
Histology
Definition
Microscopic study of cells and tissues. 
Term
Tissue
Definition
Groups of cells that are similar in structure and that function together. 
Term
Types of Tissue
Definition
Epitheleal, Connective, Muscle, Nerve
Term
Epitheleal Tissue 
Definition
Forms the linings and coverings of free surfaces of the body 
Term
Connective Tissue
Definition

Supportive and binding tissue found throughout the body.

Examples: bone, tendons, cartilage

Term
Muscle Tissue
Definition
Contractile tissue for movement
Term
Nerve Tissue 
Definition
Communication cells capable of sending impulses
Term
Organ
Definition
Groups of tissues that work together to perform a common function. Example: heart, lungs, kidneys, liver
Term
System
Definition
A group of organs working together to perform a common function. Examples: circulatory, respiratory, urinary
Term
Neuroanatomy
Definition
Study of the structure of the nervous system
Term
Embryology
Definition
study of the developing organism from the time of fertilization to birth 
Term
Germ cell layers
Definition
The three layers of embryonic tissue from which all body tissues are derived.
Term
Endoderm 
Definition
innermost of three germ cell layers, It will form most of the linings of tubular structures of the body. 
Term
ectoderm
Definition
outer germ cell layer. Derivatives: skin and the nervous system.
Term
Mesoderm
Definition
layer between the endoderm and ectoderm. Derivatives: muscles and connective tissues. 
Term
Fascia
Definition
Compact layers of connective tissue that form a fibrous membrane. It invests the whole body, supporting and separating muscles and organs. 
Term
Collagen
Definition
the major protein of the fibers in connective tissue structures
Term
Ligaments
Definition
thickened connective tissue (collagen fibers), which serves to hold bones together
Term
Tendons
Definition
thickened, dense connective tissue that holds muscle to bone. 
Term
Aponeurosis 
Definition
a broad, flat tendon
Term
Regional study
Definition
all the structures in an area are studied together. Example: lower extremity includes bones, muscles, nerves, and vessels.
Term
Systematic Study
Definition
studying a complete system independent of region. Example: learning all the bones of the body. 
Term
Anatomic position
Definition
the body is standing erect, face toward observer, with feet together and parallel, the arms at the sides and palms directed forward. 
Term
Anterior (ventral) 
Definition
refers to the front surface of the body
Term
Posterior ( dorsal ) 
Definition
refers to the back surface of the body 
Term
Superior (cranial)
Definition
nearer the head end
Term
Inferior (caudal)
Definition
farther from the head
Term
Superficial (external)
Definition
nearer the surface
Term
Deep (internal)
Definition
farther from the surface
Term
Medial
Definition
nearer the mid-plane of the body
Term
Lateral 
Definition
farther from the mid-plane of the body
Term
Proximal
Definition
nearest the point of origin. If used with extremities, closer to the attachment. If used with an organ, closer to the organ. 
Term
Distal
Definition
farthest from point of origin
Term
Medial (midsagittal) plane
Definition
a vertical plane that divides the body into right and left halves. 
Term
Sagittal plane
Definition
a vertical plane parallel to the median plane
Term
Coronal (frontal) plane
Definition
a vertical plane at right angles to the median plane. It divides the body into anterior and posterior portions. 
Term
Transverse plane
Definition
a horizontal plane at right angles to both the median and frontal planes. It cuts the body into superior and inferior portions. 
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