Term
1. Korea in Choson Dynasty
a) How was it a “golden age” |
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Definition
King Sejong instituted many social reforms, making significant improvements in the daily lives of the common people
Established the Hall of Talented Scholars, which is credited with the invention of a practical new Korean alphabet known as han’gul – 26 characters
Korea tried to be original, and break away from Chinese culture
In theater, a form of masked dance-drama called t’alch’um was created by village peasants
18th century arts: formative period and paintings (painted all classes of society and humor) |
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Term
1. Korea in Choson Dynasty
b) Decline and fall |
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Definition
Golden Age came to an end in the early 1600s when Korea was subjected to repeated foreign invasions
Japan tried to invade and failed, but severely weakened Korea
Korea couldn’t hold off the Chinese, who overran the country and exacted large tribute payments
As a result, Korea adopted a policy of isolation similar to Ming China: no foreigners were allowed to enter the land, and only a few Koreans could leave |
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Term
2. Tokugawa Shogunate in Japan
a) Achievements in the “Great Peace” |
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Definition
Saikaku – one of Japan’s great writer’s
Bunraku – puppet theater
Kabuki – form of entertaining theater
Edo- the floating world
Basho – greatest of all Japanese poets
Hokusai – Painted “The Great Wave” |
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Term
2. Tokugawa Shogunate in Japan
b) How Tokugawa Shogunate came to an end |
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Definition
| Satsuma and Chosun clan leaders overthrew the shogun (Sat-Cho rebellion) |
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Term
3. Meiji Period – Japan
a) How industry developed |
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Definition
| Government used money from the land tax to subsidize new industries |
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Term
3. Meiji Period – Japan
b) Why Japan turned to imperialism at this time |
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Definition
Compared to Europe, Japan was small, crowded, and lacking in resources
Saw that US and Europe took over other countries to get resources and market (customers to buy their products)
Manchuria was good for resources and China was too weak to defend
Arguments made in favor of imperialism: all countries operate according to the “law of the jungle”
U.S. and Europe are gaining control of Africa and Asia will be next
Japan was not like China or Korea, since we have industrialized
“When others use violence, we must be violent too”
We should be looking at China and Korea as backward and ready to be exploited |
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Term
| 4. Causes of Japan’s success after World War II |
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Definition
a) Land reform
Created strong class of independent farm owners
b) Savings rate
Japanese are more savers than spenders.
Money in bank then available as loans to businesses
c) Japan benefited from being U.S. ally at time of Korean War
Military spent money in Japan
d) Factories
Most modern and up-to-date in technology. Ex: steel
They were new cbecause they had previously been destroyed in World War II
e) Japan’s constitution said “No War”
Result: huge decrease in military spending means more money for industry
f) Educated work force |
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Term
| 1. During the Silla Dynasty, how did Koreans show their interest in astronomy? |
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Definition
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Term
| 2. During the Silla Dynasty, what advances in technology were the Japanese learning from Koreans? |
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Definition
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Term
| 3. A great accomplishment of the Koryo Dynasty was the invention of… |
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Definition
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Term
| 4. Name the king who created the Hall of Talented Scholars |
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Definition
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Term
| 5. What did the Hall of Talented Scholars create? |
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Definition
| Alphabet called han’gul |
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Term
| 6. For Korean arts, the 18th century of the Choson Dynasty is called a “formative period, because it was the time Koreans… (did what?) |
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Definition
| Broke away from imitating China |
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Term
| 7. In the plays called ta’alch’um, the actors wore masks, giving them more freedom to… (do what?) |
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Definition
| Ridicule the upper class |
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Term
| 8. In the 17th century of the Choson Dynasty, invaders came. To try to keep safe, Korea’s leaders adopted a policy of… (what?) for the next 250 years. |
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Definition
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Term
| 9. Due to mountains, Japan’s good farmland is about what percent of the country? |
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Definition
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Term
| 10. “Feudal” is the word for a government in which the king is weak or strong? |
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Definition
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Term
| 11. In Japan’s feudal period, every… had his own army of warriors called samurai. |
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Definition
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Term
| 12. What is the name of the code a samurai warrior was supposed to live by? |
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Definition
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Term
13. Important parts of this warrior code included:
a) Loyalty to… was more important than any other loyalty |
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Definition
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Term
13. Important parts of this warrior code included:
b) A samurai’s training also emphasized… |
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Definition
| Courage in facing death |
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Term
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Definition
In 668, they gained control over the entire peninsula and unified the country
Korea experienced a Golden Age in which it enjoyed peace and grew prosperous.
Koreans absorbed Chinese art and literature and made them part of their culture.
Houses had their floors heated by pipes laid under the floor, leading warmed air from a central hearth. This was called ondol
At Kyongju was built the earliest astronomical observatory in the Far East
Excellent iron-working techniques were used to make armor. Japan was learning from this |
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Term
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Definition
Modern Korea gets its name from it
A civil service system was revived and education became available to all
Introduction of movable metal type spurred the printing of many books. The earliest book using it was made in 1234.
We have reason to believe no serious land reform took place. Only official historians hired by kings wrote that
There was a big peasant revolt in 1198
Confucian reformers told kings to help the poor, by distributing land |
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Term
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Definition
Chain of more than 3000 islands cut off from the mainland by 120 miles of ocean
4 main islands: Hokkaido in the north, main island of Honshu in the center, and the two smaller islands of Kyushu and Shikkoku in the southwest
Very mountainous; only 20% of the land can be farmed
The arcs are where tectonic plates collide
Island nation – sees itself as different and special; better. |
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Term
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Definition
In Japan, a feudal system developed between 800 and 1500
Powerful nobles in the countryside owed only a loose loyalty to the Japanese emperor
The nobles in turn depended on samurai
Weak king, strong nobles, and nobles fight each other |
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Term
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Definition
Warriors who owed loyalty to the nobles and provide military service for them
Fought on horseback, clad in helmet and armor, although they carried a sword and a bow and arrow
Purpose was to protect the security and property of their patrons
Means “those who serve” |
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Term
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Definition
Known in Japan as Bushido, which means “the way of the warrior”
Based on loyalty to one’s lord
Neither love of wife and children nor duty to one’s parents could interfere with this loyalty
Fear of death as also unknown to the samurai
If you are about to be defeated or captured, you then defended your honor and killed yourself
The women had a special long sword called a nagi-nata |
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Term
| 5. Was China ever feudalist? |
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Definition
| Yes, when all of the dynasties were ruling |
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Term
| 6. Does the photo of the golden temple show harmony with nature? |
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Definition
| Yes, because it is built in the middle of the wilderness, and it doesn’t do anything to harm nature around it |
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Term
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Definition
| One noble lord who was able to dominate all the others. He exercised governing power, while the emperor stayed in his palace – remaining as an important link to the gods, but no longer ruling the country |
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Term
| 1. How Tokugawa shoguns controlled the daimyos |
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Definition
He governed his own lands and, at the same time, set national policy on behalf of the emperor in Kyoto.
The state was divided into about 250 separate territories, each ruled by a daimyo lord.
Each daimyo had their armies of samurai
Samurai were forbidden to fight each other; example of the Tokugawa emphasis on control
He controlled them by forcing the daimyos to maintain two residences – one in their own lands and on in Edo, where the court of the shogun was located.
When the daimyo was absent from his residence in Edo, his family was forced to stay there.
This not only put the daimyos in a “hostage” situation, but caused them financial troubles as well. |
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Term
2. Tokugawa “Great Peace”
a) Impact on the samurai |
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Definition
The samurai gradually ceased to be a warrior class.
Many became managers on the lands of the daimyo lords.
They were still allowed to carry 2 swords.
They were rigidly separated from the rest of the population
Great peace meant no more samurai wars
Samurai still trained to fight, because foreigners -might invade and to squash peasant uprisings |
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Term
2. Tokugawa “Great Peace”
b) How trade and manufacturing developed |
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Definition
Merchants benefitted from peace and the sale of their goods to the upper lcases and from low taxes.
Tokugawa isolation policy: no one leaves and no outsiders, except for the Dutch
Relied on land taxes for revenue
The hostage system spurred the growth of manufacturing and trade because they promoted the sale of local goods. |
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Term
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Definition
Considered one of Japan’s great writers.
1st novel tells of the financial adventures of its hero, a new self-made merchant. It sold over 1000 copies in its 1st printing.
Five Women Who Loved Love, his greatest novel, told of the search for love of five women of the merchant class.
Also wrote The Millionaire’s Gospel, which was about how to start with nothing and get rich |
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Term
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Definition
A form of theater which emphasized violence, music, and dramatic gestures to entertain its viewers.
Early Kabuki dramas dealt with the new world of teahouses and dance halls in the cities. Government officials feared that such activities could corrupt the nation’s morals.
The government forbade women to appear on stage.
Officials then created a new professional class of male actors to impersonate female characters.
The picture in the textbook suggests love troubles because her dad is there |
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Term
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Definition
Edo had a “floating world” or a pleasure district.
Population over 1 million
The woodblock print portrays courtesans, storytellers, jesters, and other entertaining the city residents
Gambling
Restaurants
Theaters
Tokugawa government regulated theater
Male who plays female roles called onnagata |
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Term
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Definition
The greatest of all Japanese poets, and he wrote in the 17th century
He was concerned with the search for the meaning of life and found answers to his quest in nature.
At the age of 50, the last year of his life, Basho was ill but still traveling in search of the purpose of life, and his poems expressed the artist’s loneliness.
He wrote a very famous haiku |
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Term
| 5. Hokusai, “The Great Wave” |
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Definition
Prints were popular because they weren’t as expensive
36 Views of Mt. Fuji |
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Term
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Definition
Argued for better treatment of shipwrecked sailors
2 ports opened in Japan to trade with U.S.
Establishment of consulate in Japan
Under military persuasion, Japan agreed to the treaty |
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Term
2. Meiji Restoration
a) The new emperor and his supervisors |
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Definition
Mutsuhito, and he was 15
His supervisors: the Sat-Cho leaders
His reign takes the official name “Meiji” meaning Enlightened Rule
Monumental development by the emperor |
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Term
2. Meiji Restoration
b) New capital |
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Definition
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Term
3. Meiji Industries
a) Government support |
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Definition
Liked where it was going because in the current situation, the government was making money from the farmers
Government used money from the land tax to finance the following:
Subsidies to start new industries
Training programs
Foreign advisors brought in
New educational system, emphasizing science
Improvements in transportation and communication |
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Term
3. Meiji Industries
b) The new industries |
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Definition
Weapons
Shipbuilding
Sake (rice wine)
Government gave businesspeople money and privileges |
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Term
| 4. Creation of a modern army/navy |
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Definition
Necessary after seeing what America did to them
Motto: “Strengthen the Army”
In 1871, all Japanese men had to serve for three years
Before, only samurai could carry weapons. Now, the army was well-equipped with modern weapons
Every day at school, children bowed to the emperor’s picture
“If the need arises, we will offer ourselves courageously to the state (Japan)” |
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Term
5. Japan turns to imperialism
b) Territories added as a result of the war with China (1894-1895) |
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Definition
Taiwan
Liaodong Peninsula (Gateway to Manchuria)– but “Triple Intervention” – 3 European countries pressured Japan to return Liaodong Peninsula to China |
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Term
5. Japan turns to imperialism
c) Territories added as a result of the war with Russia (1904-1905) |
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Definition
Received the Liaodong Peninsula back
Southern Sakhalin |
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Term
| 6. In the color picture on pg. 789, what are the schoolchildren being taught, and how? |
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Definition
They are watching a Japanese naval officer discuss one of the new ships
Hands-on demonstration
They are being given powerful nationalistic messages |
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Term
| 1. As Japan advanced, why was the U.S. slow to act? |
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Definition
| Because they didn’t believe that Japan was a legitimate threat to them and the rest of the world |
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Term
| 2. Japan’s “Strike South” plan – why it was chosen |
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Definition
They needed the oil of the Dutch East Indies, the rubber and tin of Malaya, and the rice of Burma and Indonesia
They also hoped that a quick victory would push the United States out of the region |
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Term
| 3. Summer of 1941: what the U.S. told Japan |
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Definition
| It would apply economic sanctions unless Japan withdrew from the area and returned to its borders of 1933 |
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Term
4. The attack on Pearl Harbor
a) Japan’s goal |
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Definition
| They hoped it would destroy the U.S. Pacific Fleet and accept Japanese domination of the Pacific |
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Term
4. The attack on Pearl Harbor
b) Why Japan was so confident |
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Definition
| They felt Americans had been made soft by material indulgence |
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Term
| 5. Significance of the Battle of Midway |
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Definition
It was the turning point of the war
U.S. planes destroyed all four of the attacking Japanese aircraft carriers and establish American naval superiority in the Pacific |
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Term
| 4. Why U.S. became such a close ally of Japan |
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Definition
| In Korean War, U.S. needed an ally, and Japan was right there. |
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