Term
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Definition
•Depression is the most common cause of disability in the world
•U.S. costs approximate $43 billion per year for mood disorders
•Lifetime prevalence rates: (according to NCS), 21-24% for women and 12-15% for men
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Term
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) |
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Definition
•>2 week period of change in behavior with 5 of the following:
–*depressed mood
–*anhedonia
–appetite disturbance
–sleep disturbance
–psychomotor disturbance
–fatigue or loss of energy
–worthlessness or guilt
–impaired concentration
–suicidal thoughts
•* 1/5 symptoms must be these
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Term
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Definition
•Often lasts for a year without treatment
•Chances increase by 50% for another episode after current episode (i.e. high relapse and recurrence rates)
•Many go on to experience chronic depression (but may be a result of inadequate treatment)
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Term
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Definition
•Genetic factors very important
•RR of MDD is 2-5x greater in relatives of depressed patients than controls
•First degree relatives of Bipolar patients are 24x more likely to develop BAD than general population
•Twin and adoption studies help to understand and define this illness
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Term
Drugs of Abuse with Depressive Symptoms |
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Definition
Drugs of Abuse
Phencyclidine
Marijuana (More lethargic symptoms)
Amphetamines
Cocaine
Opiates
Sedative-hypnotics
Alcohol
Antihypertensive drugs
Reserpine
Propranolol
Methyldopa
Guanethidine
Clonidine
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Term
Classes of Drugs with Depressive Symptoms |
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Definition
Interferon Treatment
Chantix™ (Varenicline)
Gastrointestinal drugs
Cimetidine
Cytotoxic agents
Corticosteroids
Oral contraceptives
Some antibiotics
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Term
Neurobiology of Mood Disorders |
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Definition
•Sleep abnormalities: usually found in endogenous depression
–prolonged sleep latency
–shortened REM latency and change in timing
–increased wakefulness
–decreased arousal threshold
–early morning awakening
–reduced stage 3 and 4 sleep
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Term
Psychosocial Theories of Depression |
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Definition
•Risk factors include:
–recent stressors
–poor social support system
–history of early parental loss
–gender
–family history of depression
–negative cognitive style
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