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Greek translation of the Old Testament
AKA: LXX (72 Scholars translated the work) |
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Reed or measuring stick
"biblical canon was a measuring standard for faith and practice" |
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| Interpretation of biblical passages |
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| From Greek word meaning "five scrolls" |
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Jewish designation for the first five books of the Old Testament
Usually translated "law"; comes from the word for "teach" |
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Term meaning, "created out of nothing"
Refers to God creating the earth-- needed no pre-existing matter |
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Masoretes counted everything in OT text- even knew how many letters in the Torah
Worked very carefully to preserve OT text
Developed a system for writing vowels |
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20th century archaeological find
Included parts of all the OT books except Esther
Upheld the integrity of the Masoretic text |
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| Translated the Bible into the "vulgar" Latin; translation knowns the Vulgate |
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Translated the Bible into English; Used the Vulgate for his translation
English priest who wanted the Bible available for the common person to read |
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Translated parts of the Bible into English
Used original biblical languages (Greek & Hebrew) instead of basing his translation on the Vulgate
Completed the NT; OT was not finished
Died a martyr's death because of his translation work |
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First people; humanity created in the image of God- imago Dei
Rebelled against God and disobeyed His command in the Garden of Eden. They knew that they were not to eat from the tree of knowledge of good and evil. They now knew guilt. |
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Son of Adam and Eve; born after Cain killed Abel
Line of the "faithful" |
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-Patriarch of Hebrew nation
-God makes a covenant with him
-Abraham is told he will have a son
-Abraham will be the father of a great nation
-Abraham believed God and this was "credited to him at righteousness"
-Abraham and his wife Sarah have a son in their old age, Isaac
-God tell Abraham to take Isaac and sacrifice him. Abraham obeys God (Book of Hebrews tells that Abraham believed God could raise Isaac from the dead) God provides a ram as a sacrifice. |
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-Wife of Abraham
-Mother of Isaac
-Decided to provide Abraham with a son by giving her Egyptian slave to Abraham to bear a son |
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-Son of Abraham and Hagar
-Also the father of a great nation (Arabic)
-Was not the child of promise |
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-Son of Isaac and Rebekah
-Patriarch of Hebrew nation
-Name means "deceiver" (figuratively speaking); name changed to Israel
-Not the first born, yet he is the one through whom the covenant promises will be carried
-He has 12 songs. His sons form the basis for the 12 tribes of Israel
-His life ends in Egypt, but buried in Canann |
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-Son of Jacob and Rachel
-Sold into slavery by his jealous brothers
-Falsely accused and ends up in prison
-God uses events of Joseph's life to preserve the Hebrew people |
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-Second book of the Torah
-As an event, describes the Hebrew nation leaving Egypt where they have been enslaved |
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-God uses him to carry out His plans of deliverance of the Hebrews from Egypt
-God spares Moses' life when Moses is a baby
-Moses grows up in the Egyptian court. After killing an Egyptian, he later flees Egypt.
-God speaks to Moses- burning bush experience at Mt. Sinai (aka Mt. Horeb)
Moses does God's work
-Moses receives the Law from God on Mt. Sinai (aka Mt. Horeb) |
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-Tabernacle means "dwelling place"
-Elaborate plans for the Tabernacle are given in Exodus. Plans were followed exactly
-God's glory filled the Tabernacle |
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-"On the Day of Atonement, God provided for an annual time for purging all the sins and uncleannesses that were unatoned for during the year"
-NT asserts that death of Christ is now the sacrifice that makes atonement for sin..thus has replaced levitical system of sacrifices. God still invites us individually to respond in repentance and faith |
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-One of twelve who spied out Canaan
-Joshua and Caleb were apparently the only spies to voice opinion that God was capable of giving Israelites the land, and they need not fear those who were in the land
-Joshua is chosen to replace Moses after he dies
-Joshua leads the Israelites into Promised Land |
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-Dark period in Israelite history
-Judges also filled the role of military leader
-Formula used to introduce some of the judges characterized the pattern for this era:
*Israelites sin
*God sends war as judgement on the people's sin
*Repentance: Israel cries out to God
*Deliverance: A judge is raised up to deliver the people |
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Served as priest, prophet, and judge
Anointed Saul and David as king (per God's instructions) |
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-Despite obvious sin, David considered a man after God's own heart
-God knew David's heart
-Became king of Israel after death of Saul. (Took some time for him to have power over all of Israel.)
-Adultery with Bathsheba; kills her husband to cover up adultery; Nathan (prophet) confronts David regarding David's sin
-Father of Solomon |
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-Son of David and Bathsheba
-King of united kingdom of Israel
-Asks God for wisdom, and God grants his desire for wisdom
-Solomon builds the Temple in Jerusalem
-He has many wives. Foreign wives eventually lead to Solomon to worship pagan gods
-After Solomon's death Israel divides into the Northern (Israel) and Southern (Judah) kingdoms |
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| Northern Kingdom (Israel) |
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-Larger land area
-Larger population
-Very wicked kings
-Destroyed by the Assyrians |
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-Smaller land area
-Smaller population
-More isolated
-Jerusalem and the Temple are in Judah
-Some wicked kings; but some kings are faithful to God
-Conquered by Babylonians
*Temple and Jerusalem are destroyed
*God preserves a remnant for His convenant purposes
*God raises up Cyrus of Persia to allow the remnant to
return |
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Anointed one
Hebrew- Messiah; Greek-Christ
Ultimate fulfillment of God's anointed is Jesus Christ |
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From Judah; prophesied in Israel
A theme of his prophecy was social justice
Plumb line showed Israel to be crooked. The nation (like a cooked wall) needed to be torn down |
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A theme of his prophecy- the Messiah
Received call to prophesy in the Temple |
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Prophesied during the last years of Judah (S. Kingdom)
God told him not to marry |
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-After the death of Alexander the Great, his empire was divided between 4 generals
-Ptolemy and Seleucus will both desire the area of Palestine
-Eventually, the Seleucids gain control. Palestine remains under Greek control
-Priest named Mattathias kills an emissary of the king; Jewish revolt begins
-Judas Maccabee (son of Mattathias) carries on the revolt after his father dies
-Judas Maccabee is successful. The Temple is cleansed
-There will be a period of independent Jewish rule
-Rome gains control of Palestine
*Rome is in control during the NT era |
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Narrative- Gospels and Acts
Letters- letters of Paul and others
Apocalyptic- Revelation |
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-Antecedent of modern Judaism
-Believed that the entire Hebrew Canon was Scripture. Considered their own oral tradition on the same level with the Torah
-Believed in a coming Messiah, angels, and the resurrection of the dead
-Members served on the Sanhedrin
-Power base: Common people and the synagogue
-Members could serve on the Sanhedrin |
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-Only believed that the Torah was Scripture
-Aristocratic
-Preists
-Wielded power with the Temple and its functions
-Cooperated with the Roman govt.
-Members could serve on the Sanhedrin
-High priest was the head of the Sanhedrin
-Did not believe a coming Messiah, angels, or the resurrection of the dead |
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| Formation of the NT Canon |
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-Letters of Paul probably circulated first
-Gospels written and circulated separately
-Process of approximately 350 years to write and adopt the 27 books as the NT Canon |
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-Means "good news"
-Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John |
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As "seeing through one eye"
Synoptics
-Matthew
-Mark
-Luke
Source Criticism- a theory
-Mark probably written first
-Matthew and Luke borrowed material from Mark
-Matthew and Luke used a common sourced called "Q" for
quelle- German word for source
-"Q" is perhaps a collection of the sayings of Jesus Christ
-Matthew and Luke each have material unique to Gospel |
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-Eyewitness account thought to have come from the Apostle Peter
-Uses the term "Gospel" to mean the good news of Christ
-Shortest Gospel |
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-Written with a Jewish perspective; Christ is the fulfillment of the Messiah
-Genealogy of Jesus traced to Abraham
-Contains the account of the Magi coming to see Jesus
-Only Gospel to use the word "church" |
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Tradition says written by Luke
-Luke traveled with Paul
-Physician
-Gentile
Emphasizes that Jesus is a Savior for the entire world
-Genealogy of Jesus traced to Adam
-Contains account of the angels telling the shepherds about the birth of Jesus |
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Contains 7 signs that Jesus performed
-John uses the term "signs" to denote miracles that Jesus
performed
-A sign points to something beyond itself
Tradition says have written by the Apostle John
Contains the "I am" statements of Christ
Not one of the synoptic Gospels |
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| The only miracle in all four Gospels is... |
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Epiphanes forces Hellenization upon the Jewish people *Very cruel leader
*Virtually outlaws the Jewish religion
*Erects a statue of Zeus in the Temple area
*Sacrifices a pig on the altar in the Temple
*Jewish revolt |
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