awareness of internal and external stimuli

ex. external events and having self and being unique

stream of consiousness

different levels

24 hr. biological cycles

regulates sleep

pphysiological functioning

cognitive processes

hypothalamus

main circadian clock

recieves info about lighting from retina

affects secretion of melatonin from pineal gland

electroencephalogram

(EEG)

electrical activity in brain

brain waves

variations in EEG associated with different states of consiousness

Electrooculogram

(EOG)

Electromyogram

(EMG)

Electrocardiogram

(EKG)

lowered breathing, decreased heart rate and body temperature

steadily decrease through stages

Rapid Eye Movement

loss of core muscles

increased cerebral activity

irregular breathing

most dreaming

less slepp than normal over time

effects:

impared attention, slow reaction time, interferes w/ decision making, negative effects to immune system and endocrine system

insomnia

narcolepsy

sleep apnea

sleep walking

trouble with initiating and maintaining sleep

alot of earyl moring waking

sudden onsets of sleep

daytime episodes (10-20 mins)

go staight into REM

genetic predisposition

trated with stimulants

stop breathing at night, wake up

loud snoring

increased with age and obesity

increased risk of cardiovascular disease

masks can improve airflow

sleepwalking

during 1st three hours of sleep and SWS

genetic predisposition

treated with ambien

frequently during REM

mostly stories rather than isolated experiences

everyone dreams

no sleepwalking b/c core muscles are disabled in REM

usually self centered

sources of internal conflict to current concerns

incorporation of external stimuli

Freud: unaceptable desires repressed in unconsious, interprete dreams to understand real desires

Problem Solving: working through everyday problems, creative thinking, can be illogical

Activation Synthesis Theory: many brainstem circuts active during REM, cortex's efforts to make sense of random signals

systematic procedure that typically produces a heightened state of suggestability

passive relatation, narrowed attention, enhanced fantasy

some people more easily hypnotized than others

Role playing: person act how they think a hyp. person should, enhanced memeory can be fully intact

Altered State of Consiousness: dissociation- splitting mental processes inot 2 streams of awareness

practices that train attention to heighten awareness and birng mental processes under control

derived from Opium

morphine, codeine, heroin, vicodin, or oxycontin

Medicinal Uses: analgesia (pain supressant) , cough suppresant, diarhea

doesnt hurt bodily organs

high risk of addiciton

tolerance increases

can inject, inhale, or take orally

effects: euphora, relaxation, drowsiness, nausea, respiratory depression

sleep inducing drugs

decrease central nervous system and behavioral activity

Barbituates (casue resp. depression) and Valium

Effects: relaxation, anti-activity, euphoria, impared coordination

GABA Agonists

increase central nervous system and behavioral activity

caffeine, nicotine, cocain, amphetamines

ectasy

simlar to amphetamines and hallucinogens

effects: euphoria, sensuality, empathy, increased heart rate, blood pressure, and sweating

chrnic use kills dopamine and seratonin neurons

leads to depression and anxiety

distortions in sensory and perceptual experiences

LSD, Psilocybin

doesn't harm organs

effects: euphoria, increased sensry awareness, insightful experiences, distorted sense of time, hallucinations, panic

hemp plant from which marijuana, hashish, and THC are derived

usually smoked

effects: mild euphoria, relaxation, enhanced sensry awareness, reduced nausea, memory impairment

bevergaes containing ethyl alcohol

most widely used recreational drug in the U.S.

effects: mild euphoria, relaxation, reduced inhibitions, impared coordination, respiratory depression, hangover, depression, agression

determined by age, weight experience with the drug, and where it's taken

alter neurotransmitter activity

amphetamines: dopamine and norepinephrine agonists, increased release, decreased reuptake

reward pathway

increase in dopamin associated with reinforcing effects

Physical: body needs drug to fnction normally

Psychological: take drug to satisfy intense mental and emotional craving, occurs wiht most drugs

overdose: depressants (stop breathing), stimulants (heart attack), combinations of drugs

Tissue Damage: cocaine (cardiovascular disease), alcohol (liver damage), cigarettes (respiratory damage)