Term
| T/F The diagnostic criteria for Schizophrenia is 1 positive symptom for at least 1 month. |
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Definition
| F. 1 positive plus 1 or more of positive, negative, or cognitive. Duration: continuous signs of disturbance for at least 6 months including >1 month of + symptoms. |
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Term
| Delusions, hallucinations, and catatonia are examples of positive/negative symptoms of schizophrenia |
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Definition
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Term
| affective flattening, alogia, avolition are examples of postive/negative symptoms of Schizophrenia? |
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Definition
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Term
| neologisms and incoherence are examples of what type of schizophrenic symptom? |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F Regarding schizophrenia, 1 or more areas of functioning such as work, self-care, and interpersonal relations are markedly below the level achieve prior to onset. |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F The direct physiological effects of a drug or medical condition may induce psychosis and therefore must be ruled our for diagnosing Schizophrenia |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F The lifetime risk for schizophrenia is higher in males than in females |
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Definition
| F. lifetime is equal, however males generally have earlier onset |
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Term
| What is the estimated suicide rate for schizophrenia w/o treatment? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the worldwide incidence of schizophrenia? |
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Definition
| 1-2%, (may be higher considering an estimated 25% homeless probably would be diagnosed) |
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Term
| T/F The is no genetic factor involved in schizophrenia? |
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Definition
| F. Definitely some genetic factor. 1st degree relative-10%, both parents-40%, monozygotic twin-50% (shows not completely genetic) |
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Term
| T/F There is an excess of summer births among schizophrenics. |
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Definition
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Term
| More + symptoms is classified as ____ schizophrenia, while more _ as ____ schizophrenia. |
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Definition
| paranoid (+), disorganized (-) |
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Term
| For Schizophrenia, the dopamine hypothesis suggests that mesolimbic excess/deficiency causes postive/negative symptoms? |
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Definition
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Term
| For Schizophrenia, the dopamine hypothesis suggest that mesocortical excess/deficiency causes positive/negative symptoms? |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F chronic NMDA antagonists mimic negative symptoms and cognitive defects of schizophrenia |
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Definition
| T. Glutamate hypothesis--> Loss of NMDA receptors |
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Term
| For diagnosis of depression, at least __ symptoms must persist for at least ___ (amount of time) |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F Unipolar depression is equally likely in women and men. |
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Definition
| F. 2x more likely in women |
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Term
| T/F there is an increased risk of depression 6 months postpartum |
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Definition
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Term
| Hypersomnia and overeating are characteristic of ____ unipolar depression. |
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Definition
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Term
| insomnia and anorexia are characteristic of ____ unipolar depression. |
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Definition
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Term
| _____ is the form of unipolar depression that exhibits milder symptoms that last 2 years or more. |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F There is a great genetic component observed in bipolar depression the unipolar. |
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Definition
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Term
| Most antidepressant drugs increase levels of ____ and/or _____ |
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Definition
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Term
| Suicide victims with major depression have increased _____ receptor and decreased ____ receptor |
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Definition
5HT-1A autoreceptor
5HT-2 postsynaptic |
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Term
| T/F Abnormal neuronal growth factor production/release may be involved in both depression and schizophrenia. |
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Definition
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Term
| About ___ (what percentage) of patient with depression exhibit _____ hypersecretion that abates when mood is normalized |
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Definition
1/2, cortisol
CRF-->ACTH-->Cortisol |
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Term
| T/F depressive symptoms are common with hyperthyroidism. |
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Definition
| F. common with HYPOthyroidism. Administration of T3 or TRH improves symptoms and efficacy of anti-depressant drugs. |
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Term
| ____________ tolerance is a change in a drug's pharmacokinetics. Is there a lower/higher/unchanged concentration of drug at site of action. |
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Definition
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Term
| ____________ tolerance is a change in a drug's pharmacodynamic. Is there a lower/higher/unchanged concentration of drug at site of action. |
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Definition
| functional, unchanged. Example: alcohol induces GABA-->decreased sensitivity of receptors to GABA. |
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Term
| T/F You often see faster tolerance of some effects of a drug than others. |
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Definition
| T. e.g. Opiates- emetic effects faster than analgesic effects (so side effects of nausea will go away) and reward pathway (abuse) much faster tolerance than respiratory depression (overdose!) |
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Term
| T/F Tolerance means that you must take drug to prevent withdrawal. |
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Definition
| F. Tolerance=increased dose needed for original response. Physical dependence=must take drug to prevent withdrawal. |
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Term
| 5HT is inhibits/activates the release of dopamine in mesocortical pathway? |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F the severity of abstinence syndrome is often determined by the drugs pharmacodynamics. |
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Definition
| F. pharmacokinetics. A drug with a shorter half life will induce a more severe abstinence syndrome. |
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Term
| T/F In some instances, increased exposure to a drug leads in an increased effect of the drug. |
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Definition
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Term
| Epilepsy is a brain disorder characterized by ______ but _____ seizures |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F Epileptic seizures are always associated with impairment or loss of consciousness and abnormal movements or behavior. |
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Definition
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Term
| A prolonged seizure lasting longer than 30 minutes is called ______. Is this epilepsy? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who first formally noted that seizures are preceded by an aura? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who suggested a clear differentiation between idiopathic and symptomatic epilepsy? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the historical term for partial seizures that progressed to generalized seizures? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who completed the first successful surgical intervention for epilepsy? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who invented the electroencephalogram? |
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Definition
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Term
| What percentage of people living past 800 years will be diagnosed with epilepsy? |
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Definition
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Term
| What two populations account for the highest incidence of epilepsy? |
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Definition
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Term
| What determines the specific symptoms of a seizure? |
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Definition
| Location and extent of brain area affected |
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Term
| _____ seizures originate in a small group of neurons. |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F Simple partial seizures impair consciousness. |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F A sudden sense of fear may be considered an aura. |
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Definition
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Term
| The seizure focus of complex partial seizures in often in which two lobes? Impair consciousness? |
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Definition
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Term
| _____ seizures are those that do not begin with a discrete focal point but rather involve both hemispheres from the onset |
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Definition
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Term
| Convulsive seizures are those that involve _____ and ____ movements |
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Definition
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Term
| Tonic movements are those that involve increases in _____ |
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Definition
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Term
| clonic movements are those that involve repetitive alternation between ____ and ____ |
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Definition
| contraction and relaxation |
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Term
| T/F Patients who have simple absence seizures often do not realize that they have had a seizure |
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Definition
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Term
| Simple (or typical )Absence Seizures are also know as ____ |
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Definition
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Term
| How do complex absence seizures differ from simple absence seizures? |
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Definition
| involve muscle activity such as blinking of eyes, movements of mouth, rubbing of hands |
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Term
| T/F Atypical absence seizures begin and end gradually, leave a patient more aware of events, and are more likely to be associated with low intelligence |
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Definition
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Term
| ____ seizures are brief shock like jerks of a muscle or group of muscles |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F Myoclonic jerks are only experienced by people with epilepsy. |
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Definition
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Term
| _____ seizures cause muscles to suddenly relax. (Also called falling or drop seizures) |
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Definition
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Term
| Tonic seizures generally last for how long? |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F clonic seizures are usually not followed by a period of tiredness or confusion. |
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Definition
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Term
| _________ seizures are also referred to as grand mal |
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Definition
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Term
| Febrile seizures occur in what percent of all children? |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F Fever reduction will prevent febrile seizures. |
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Definition
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Term
| Febrile seizures are ____ seizures that occur in children b/w 3 months and 5 years old when they have a high fever |
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Definition
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Term
| ______ epilepsy accounts for 2-8% of all patient with epilepsy |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F 15% of children with CAE with later develop JME |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F Simple partial seizures, complex partial seizures, and secondarily generalized are all common in Temporal lobe epilepsy |
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Definition
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Term
| Complex partial seizures originating in the frontal lobe have a higher incidence of ______ |
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Definition
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Term
| On an EEG, increased synchronicity is marked by higher/lower amplitude and higher/lower frequency? |
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Definition
| higher amplitude and lower frequency |
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Term
| What famous person is known for having Huntington's Disease? |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F Huntington's disease affects as many people as Hemophilia, CF, or MD? |
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Definition
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