Term
| Glucose Combustion Equation |
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Definition
| C6H12O6 + 6O2 ---> 6CO2 + 6H2O + free energy |
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Term
| Glycolysis Facts (Not the mechanism) |
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Definition
| Converts glucose to pyruvate in 10 steps; does not need oxygen; does not produce CO2; takes place in the cytosol; involves 10 steps; produces a net total of 2 ATP |
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Term
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Definition
| Glucose + 2 NAD+ + 2 ATP ---> 2 Pyruvates + 2 NADH + 4 ATP |
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Term
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Definition
| Enzyme that adds a phosphate to other molecules using ATP |
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Term
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Definition
| Converts molecules from one isomer to another |
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Term
| Cellular Respiration (Definition and Facts) |
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Definition
- Aerobic (Requires Oxygen)
- Converts pyruvate into H2O, CO2, and ~32 ATP
- Made up of 3 pathways: Pyruvate Oxidation, Citric Acid Cycle, and Electron Transport Chain |
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Term
| Fermentation (Definition and Facts) |
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Definition
- Anaerobic (Doesn't require oxygen)
- Converts pyruvate into lactic acid or ethanol & CO2, and ~2 ATP |
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Term
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Definition
- Reducing agent is oxidized by losing electrons (can also gain + charge, or an O)
- Loses energy |
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Term
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Definition
- oxidizing agent is reduced by gaining electrons (can gain an H)
- Gains energy |
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Term
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Definition
- Key electron carrier in redox reactions
- NAD+ ---reduced--> NADH
- NADH ---oxidized--> NAD+
- By a series of redox reactions, NAD can carry electrons from product A to product B |
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Term
| Summarized Glucose Reaction |
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Definition
1 Glucose ---2 ATP--> 2 3-carbon phosphoglyceraldehydes ---NAD+--> 2 Pyruvates + 2 NADH + 4 ATP
- Each molecule of phosphoglyceraldehyde needs 1 NAD+, and yields 1 NADH and 2 ATP |
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Term
| Pyruvate Oxidation (Definition and Facts) |
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Definition
- Occurs in the mitochondrial matrix
- Links Glycolysis and the Citric Acid Cycle
- Pyruvate is oxidized to acetate, and CO2 is released
- NAD+ is reduced to NADH, capturing energy
- Some energy is stored by combining acetate + Coenzyme A (CoA) to form Aceytl CoA |
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