Term
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Definition
| The smallest Linguistic Unit that has semantic meaning |
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Term
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Definition
| From Greek for "Lack of Speech" that is not a result of deficits in sensory, intellectual, or psychiatric functioning, nor muscle weakness. |
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Term
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Definition
| Aphasia characterized by slow, effort-full speech output lacking function words, problems with grammar and articulation, in which patients rely on high-frequency content words. Patients have deficits in repetition, naming, and fluency, but can comprehend normally. |
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Definition
| Aphasia characterized by fluent, meaningless speech with many semantic errors and little understanding (often with anosognosia). Patients have deficits in repetition, naming, comprehension, and have paraphasic fluency. |
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Definition
| a condition in which one loses the ability to speak correctly, substiuting one word for another, and changing words and sentences in an inappropriate way (e.g, "television for "telephone") |
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Definition
| The neural white matter pathway connecting Broca's area and Wernicke's areas. |
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Definition
| Aphasia due to damage to the arcuate fasciculus resulting in poor repetition and naming, but normal comprehension and fluency. |
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Term
| Transcortical Sensory Aphasia |
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Definition
| Apasia that is similar to Wernick's apasia, except that patients are able to repeat (but still do not comprehend) |
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Term
| Trascortical Motor Aphasia |
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Definition
| Aphasia associated with right hemiparesis that is similar to Broca's Aphasia, except patients are able to repeat and may have mild comprehension problems. |
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Term
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Definition
| Apasia, associated with right hemiparesis, characterized by severe communication difficulties in both speech and comprehension |
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Term
| Transcortical Mixed Aphasia |
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Definition
| Similar to global Aphasia, but patients are still able to repeat. |
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Term
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Definition
| Aphasia in which word-finding is severely impaired, usually from damage to parietal and/or temporal lobes, and patients resort to circumlocution. |
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Definition
| The use of other words to describe a specific word or idea which cannot be remembered (means "talking around" something) |
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Definition
| The inability to perceive spoken speech with intact auditory perception for complex, non-speech sounds, cause by bilateral damage to temporal lobes (often including white matter connecting temporal and front lobes). Patients can read and write, but have trouble perceiving rapid sounds (e.g. amusia). |
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Definition
| Agnosia for music. It involves loss of the ability to recognize musical notes, rhythms, and intervals and the inability to experience music as musical. |
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Term
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Definition
| A developmental or acquired problem with speech production not associated with the muscle weakness. Its symptoms include difficulty putting sounds and syllables together in the correct order to form words. |
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Definition
| A speech disorder characterized by flow of speech that is disrupted by involuntary repetitions and prolongations of sounds, syllables, words or phrases, and involuntary silent pauses. |
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Definition
| A fluency disorder characterized by problems with rate, word confusion, and disorganized thoughts. Patients often are most clear at the start of utterances, but rate increases and intelligibility decreases towards the end, and are often unaware of the disorder. |
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Definition
| A type of cluttering; phonemic substitution, such as "Three cheers for our queer old dean!" (Dear old queen, referring to Queen Victoria) |
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Definition
| A type of cluttering; wrong word substitution, such as "Create a little dysentery among the ranks." ('dysentery' instead of 'dissent') |
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Definition
| A type of cluttering; error in speech from "unconscious mind", such as "A Freudian slip is when you mean one thing, but say your mother." |
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Definition
| A procedure to put one hemisphere of the brain to sleep for about a minute by injecting sodium amobarbital (a sedative) into one of the carotid arteries, used to determine whether specific functions are lateralized. |
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Term
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Definition
| A patient who has had the corpus callosum, the major white matter tract connecting the two hemispheres, severed, cutting off communication between the hemispheres. The procedure is used as a last resort in cases of severe epilepsy to contain the seizures. |
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