Term
| When was Radioactivity Discovered? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a Nuclear Change? |
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Definition
| Involves changes in nuclear structure, such as fission (splitting) of a nucleus or an atom, or fusion (combining) of neutrons and protons to form heavier atoms. This involves about 1,000,000 times as much energy as a chemical change |
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Term
| Why do some atoms undergo radioactive decay and others don't? |
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Definition
| The atoms with unstable nuclei undergo change |
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Term
| Why are some radioactive isotopes more harmful than others? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which radioactive by-product is most penetrating? |
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Definition
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Term
| How is the nucleus of an isotope changed after beta decay? |
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Definition
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Term
| The mass number of an isotope will decrease by 4 after which type of decay? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| A particle equal in mass but opposite in charge to the electron |
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Term
| Who Discovered Gamma Rays? |
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Definition
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Term
| How long will it take for a 92 gram sample of copper-64 to decays to 23 grams, given the half life as 12.9 hours? |
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Definition
92/23 = 4
92x(1/4) = 23
2 half lives
2 x 12.9 = 25.8 hrs |
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Term
| Name two uses of radioisotopes? |
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Definition
| Therapeutic and Diagnostic |
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Term
| With the half-life of about 6 hrs, how much Tc-99 would remain in a person's body after 18 hours if 12.0 grams was injected? |
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Definition
18/6 = 3 half lives = 1/(2^3) = 1/8
12 x (1/8) = 1.5 grams |
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Term
| Which Nuclear Energy Process produces the least amount of radioactive waste? |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe differences in Fusion and Fission |
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Definition
Fusion = combining
Fission = splitting |
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Term
| Why irradiate food stuff? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
A type of chemical bond formed through an electrostatic attraction between two oppositely charged ions. Ionic bonds are formed between a cation, which is usually a metal, and an anion, which is usually a nonmetal
*the attraction between positive and negative ions |
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Term
| What are the names and formulas for ionic compounds? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are polyatomic ions? |
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Definition
| Compounds formed from more than one element having an overall change |
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Term
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Definition
| A bond where atoms share some or all of their valence electrons in such a manner as to achieve a noble gas configuration about each atom |
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Term
| What are the names of covalent compounds? |
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Definition
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Term
| How do we predict the shape of molecules? |
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Definition
Determined from the number of bonding pairs and the number of ion pairs on the central atom
*use Lewis structures to determine shape |
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Term
| What are the properties on ionic and covalent bonds? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are intermolecular forces? |
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Definition
In a molecular compound, the attractions between individual molecules
*include hydrogen bonding and dipole-dipole |
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Term
| What are the states of matter? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| The attractive forces between positive and negative ions in a crystal lattice are called ______ bonds. |
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Definition
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Term
Positive ions are formed from neutral atoms by:
a)losing elections
b)gaining electrons |
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Definition
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Term
What change is expected when the following atoms form ions?:
a)Lithium (L)
b)Aluminum (Al)
c)Sulfur (S)
d)Bromine (Br) |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following atoms form positive ions?:
a)Potassium (K)
b)Bromine (Br)
c)Nitrogen (N)
d)Sodium (Na) |
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Definition
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Term
Negative ions are formed from neutral atoms by:
a)losing electrons
b)gaining electrons |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| The formula for sulfur trioxide is _____ |
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Definition
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Term
| The name of HBr is ______ |
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Definition
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Term
| The formula of dichlorine monoxide is _____ |
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Definition
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Term
| The formula for sulfur dichloride is _____ |
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Definition
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Term
| The name of SiCl4 is ______ |
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Definition
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Term
How many electrons are shared in:
a)Double-Bond
b)Triple-Bond |
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Definition
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Term
Which is the strongest bond?:
a)C-C
b)C=C |
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Definition
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Term
An example of a molecule with covalent bonds in which the electrons are
a)equally shared between the atoms is _____.
b)unequally shared between the atoms is _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the geometry of CH4? |
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Definition
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Term
Which is a more polar molecule?:
a)H-H or H-F
b)C-H or C-O
c)H-N or C-N |
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Definition
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