Details Title: Typography Description: Chapter 2 Total Flash Cards: 46 Created: 01/28/2009 15:07:58		New Users: To study from this flashcard set, or to create your own your own study flash cards, REGISTER HERE. Existing Users: CLICK HERE. Additional Fine Art Flashcards
Cards in this set: Term baseline Definition an imaginery line upon which the base of each capital rests Term beard line Definition an imaginary line tha truns along the bottoms of the descenders Term capline Definition an imaginary line that runs along the tops of the capital letters Term meanline Definition an imaginary line that establishes the height of the body of lowercase letters Term x-height Definition the distance from the baseline to the meanline. Typically, this is the height of lowercase letters and is most easily measured on the lowercase x Term apex Definition the peak of the triangle of an uppercase A Term arm Definition a projecting horizontal stroke that is unattached on one or both ends, as in the letters T and E Term ascender Definition a stroke on a lowercase letter that rises above the meanline Term bowl Definition a curved stroke enclosing the counterform of a letter. An exception is the bottom form of the lowercase roman g, which is called a loop Term counter Definition the negative space that is fully or partially enclosed by a letterform Term crossbar Definition the horizontal stroke connecting two sides of a letterform or bisecting the main stroke Term descender Definition a stroke n a lowercase letterform that falls below the baseline Term ear Definition a small stroke that projects from the upper right side of the bowl of the lowercase roman g Term eye Definition the enclosed part of the lowercase e Term fillet Definition the contoured edge that connects the serif and stem in bracketed serifs Term hairline Definition the thinnest stroke within a typeface that has strokes of varying weights Term leg Definition the lower diagonal stroke on the letter k Term link Definition the stroke that connects the bowl and the loop of a lowercase roman g Term loop Definition the bottom form of the lowercase roman g Term serifs Definition short strokes that extend from and at an angle to the upper and lower ends of the major strokes of a letterform Term shoulder Definition a curved stroke projecting from a stem Term spine Definition the central curved stroke of the letter S Term spur Definition a projection -- smaller than a serif -- that reinforces the point at the end of a curved stroke, as in the letter G Term stem Definition a major vertical or diagonal stroke in the letterform Term stroke Definition any of the linear elements within a letterform; originally, any mark or dash made by the movement of a pen or brush in writing Term tail Definition a diagonal stroke or loop at the end of a letter Term terminal Definition the end of any stroke that does not terminate with a serif Term capitals Definition the set of large letters that is used in the initial position Term lowercase Definition the smaller set of letters, so named because in metal typesetting there were stored in the lower part of a type case Term small caps Definition a complete set of capital letters that are the same height as the x-height of the lowercase letters. these are often used from abbreviations, cross references, and emphasis Term lining figures Definition numbers that are the same height as the capital letters and sit on the baseline Term old style figures Definition a set of numbers that are compatible with lowercase letters; 1, 2, and O align with the x-height; 6 and 8 have ascenders; and 3, 4, 5, 7, and 9 have descenders Term superior and inferior figures Definition small numbers, usually slightly smaller than the x-height, used for footnotes and fractions Term fractions Definition common mathematical expressions made up of a superior figure, an inferior figure, and a slash mark. these are set as a single type character Term ligatures Definition two or more characters linked together as one unit, such as ff. the ampersand is a ligature originating as a letter combination for the French word et ("and") in medieval manuscripts Term ligatures Definition two or more characters linked together as one unit, such as ff. the ampersand is a ligature originating as a letter combination for the French word et ("and") in medieval manuscripts Term digraphs Definition a ligature composed of two vowels which are sued to represent a dipthong Term mathematical signs Definition characters used to notate basic mathematical processes Term punctuation Definition a system of standard signs used in written and printed matter to structure and separate units and to clarify meaning Term accented characters Definition characters with accents for foreign language typesetting or for indicating pronunciation Term dingbats Definition assorted signs, symbols, reference marks, and ornaments designed for use with a type font Term monetary symbols Definition logograms used to signify monetary systems Term old style, italic, transitional, modern, egyptian, sans serif Definition what are the 6 types of classifications for typefaces? Term 6 picas Definition How many picas is 1 inch? Term 12 points Definition How many points is 1 pica? Term 72 points Definition How many points is 1 inch?